Because the import and export enterprises have a certain period from signing the contract to the final settlement of foreign exchange, and they suffer foreign exchange risks due to changes in the exchange rate of the settlement currency, so that enterprises suffer losses, enterprises can take certain measures to reduce risks. The foreign exchange risk management methods of import and export enterprises mainly include the following.

1. Internal management methods:

① Make a good choice of pricing currency. There are two kinds of denominated currencies in import and export trade: coins with stable exchange rate and floating trend; Another soft currency, the exchange rate is unstable and has a downward trend. The general principle of choosing the currency for pricing: choosing coins or currencies with an upward trend in export trade and choosing soft coins or currencies with a downward trend in import can reduce the losses caused by possible exchange rate fluctuations.

(2) the method of guidance and backwardness. Change the date of receipt and payment according to the change of currency exchange rate to prevent risks. General principle of advance or delay: it is expected that the currency will float. When importing, importers should purchase foreign exchange before currency appreciation and pay foreign exchange in advance; When exporting, the exporter should consider delaying delivery and collection. If the exchange rate falls, the importer should postpone the order or payment, and the exporter should place the order as soon as possible and collect the foreign exchange in advance.

③ Matching method. At the same time, try to create a contract with the same amount and duration of the insured currency and the opposite flow of funds to avoid risks.

④ Portfolio method. Also known as basket currency valuation method, more than two currencies are used to eliminate risks in import and export contracts. When importing or exporting, a currency will appreciate or depreciate, and there will be no great foreign exchange risk. If several denominated currencies rise and several fall, the rising monetary gains will make up for the losses of the falling currencies and spread the risks.

2. External management law.

Mainly through the external financial market to borrow and buy foreign exchange to avoid risks. To avoid risks through external financial markets, we mainly use some financial instruments to avoid risks, such as buying and selling foreign exchange futures and option contracts to reduce risks. At present, with the reform of China's exchange rate system, the flexibility of RMB exchange rate is getting higher and higher, and some large foreign-funded enterprises and foreign trade enterprises have increasingly strong requirements for managing foreign exchange risks. Banks have gradually introduced some financial futures and options products to help enterprises avoid foreign exchange risks.

Forward foreign exchange transactions. A hedging method in which enterprises sign forward foreign exchange contracts with banks to eliminate foreign exchange risks when buying and selling commodities in the future.