1, adhere to the principle of independent development. It should be noted that profit is the nature of multinational companies, and the core key technology is the source of monopoly profits. Therefore, in order to win the competitive advantage in the host market, multinational companies often transfer relatively advanced technologies to the host country, but it is impossible to transfer core key technologies. Of course, some enterprises can also acquire core key technologies through mergers and acquisitions, but it is usually when this technology is no longer an important strategic asset of the other party. In addition, with the improvement of the technology content of transnational investment, the trend of internalization of technology transfer is getting stronger and stronger. At present, the internal technology transfer of multinational companies has reached about 80%, which shows that it is more difficult to acquire technology. Therefore, the core key technologies should be obtained through independent development. The automobile industry in Japan and South Korea started with the introduction of foreign technology, so success is always based on independent development. In 1970s, Argentina also tried to develop its automobile industry by introducing Ford's investment. However, due to the lack of independent innovation strategy, imported parts are still assembled, which has not brought any technical spillover to Argentina's automobile and metal processing industries.

For basic research and applied research, research and development of military, aerospace and aviation technologies, as well as major strategic, forward-looking, basic technologies and public welfare technologies related to the national economy and people's livelihood (such as agriculture, medical care, environment, safety, technical standards and supervision, etc.). ) is crucial to the development of the national economy. It is impossible for multinational companies to transfer such high-tech key technologies to domestic enterprises, and the government should ensure the necessary investment in innovative activities of such technologies. The government can give direct economic support in the form of grants, subsidies, interest subsidies, venture capital or financial credit, and choose the best to support the promising key high-tech development and research of enterprises. We can also use indirect economic means such as taxation, finance and incentives to establish an effective system to support technological innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises and promote the formation of a national innovation system. For these technologies, we should vigorously develop technological innovation with independent intellectual property rights and concentrate financial resources on major events. Scientists in China have realized super-large-scale information storage on organic molecular thin films, the original research on "quantum error avoidance code" and "quantum probability cloning machine" has been successful, a number of important new varieties of nonlinear optical crystals have been born, TDSCDMA has been established as the third generation international standard for mobile communication, 10 MW high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor has been successfully connected to the grid for power generation, and Shenzhou series spacecraft have been successfully launched, all of which show that China has been at the forefront of international science and technology in many important key fields. In addition, China already has strong technical competitiveness in labor-intensive and resource-based industries such as textile and garment industry, leather industry, rubber and plastic equipment manufacturing industry, simple metal and plastic products industry, food industry, tobacco industry, simple wood products industry and petroleum refining. These industries can continue to give play to their comparative advantages and acquire core technologies through independent innovation without relying more on technology introduction.

2. Actively implement cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Obtaining core key technologies through cross-border M&A can greatly shorten the time and risk brought by independent development, which has been a successful case in China. For example, Lenovo successfully acquired the world's most advanced desktop technology (IBM made the world's first PC) and notebook computer technology through the acquisition of IBM, and acquired system architecture design capabilities, software and hardware research and development technologies, and excellent project management capabilities. At present, Lenovo has built a global R&D structure with China, the United States and Japan as the fulcrums, with R&D bases in Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Chengdu, the United States and Japan. A high-level professional R&D team of more than 2,000 people has been established around the world, with world-class academic leaders, including the founder of Thinkpad technology, the chief designer of Lenovo Trillion Computer, and the leader of information security technology in China. Nearly 50 world-class laboratories have been established around the world. Another example is Alcatel Shanghai Bell, which was established after Alcatel controlled Shanghai Bell in 2002. After the merger, Shanghai Bell became a member of Alcatel's global technology library, and Alcatel's global R&D technology could be enjoyed by Shanghai Bell, which greatly enhanced the technology spillover effect of multinational companies.

(B) pay attention to the endogenous nature of independent innovation, and constantly strengthen the learning ability of enterprises.

Technology can be introduced, but the acquisition of technical ability can not be introduced, only through continuous learning. From the above analysis, it can be seen that the effectiveness of FDI technology spillover depends on the learning efforts of the recipients. The stronger the enterprise's learning ability, the stronger its ability to absorb external technical knowledge, and the more effective it is to accept the transfer of advanced technology, thus gaining the ability of independent development. Domestic enterprises with strong independent development ability have strong learning ability. Haier Group began to introduce German technology from 1984, and its product is Qindao-Liebherr. But Haier has insisted on independent development for many years. By the end of 2004, Haier had participated in the formulation of 86 national standards and 2 international standards, and applied for 5,469 patents, making it the largest enterprise in China. It is this endless independent innovation that makes Haier a global enterprise with international competitiveness. In 2004, Haier's global turnover exceeded 65.438+000 billion yuan, and in 2005, it was ranked 89th among the top 654.38+000 brands in the world brand laboratory. Another example is Chery Automobile, which started to produce cars at the end of 1999, and independently developed the first car in 200 1. By 2003, * * * had developed four types of cars, and sold more than 90,000 vehicles in 2003. However, the scale of some large automobile enterprises in China has reached the third and fourth level in the world, but they still have not formed their own product development capabilities. Many mainstream car manufacturers and multinational companies have a joint venture period of 25-30 years. Before the last joint venture, they are trying their best to find the next joint venture partner. This long-term and serious dependence will make it difficult to move without multinational companies, and enterprises can only fall into a passive situation of introduction-backwardness-reintroduction-backwardness. Relevant data show that in 2002, China's dependence on foreign technology reached 50%, while that of the United States was only 1.6% and that of Japan was 6.6%.

(3) Pay attention to the leading role of the government.

At the initial stage of the national independent innovation strategy, the government can quickly improve the independent development ability of enterprises and realize industrial take-off by formulating preferential policies such as industry development planning, industrial policy, finance and taxation. During the development of automobile industry in Japan and South Korea and microelectronics industry in Taiwan Province Province, the government has formulated corresponding localization plans and various encouraging support policies at each stage. It is through the strong hand of the government that these infant industries have been pushed to the world and become internationally competitive industries. In 1950s, while encouraging Japanese automakers to cooperate with foreign manufacturers, the Japanese government adopted a series of measures, such as protective tariffs, import quotas, tax relief and accelerated depreciation, to promote the rapid growth of Japanese auto industry, and at the same time, consciously reduced the foreign exchange ration to CKD manufacturers, forcing them to speed up the localization process. In order to promote the development of the software industry, the Indian government has given the software enterprises income tax exemption support for 65,438+00 years, and given special preferential treatment in software park land and communication network construction. Therefore, Bangalore Industrial Park can attract about three foreign-funded enterprises every week. In addition, giving priority to purchasing domestic equipment, establishing enterprise venture capital system, strengthening service function and creating a good innovation environment for enterprises are all powerful support means.

Moreover, whether multinational companies can continuously transfer technology to China depends on the openness of China market, the stability of China's FDI absorption policy, and the government's policy support for multinational companies' technology transfer, and the implementation of tax reduction and discount support for foreign-funded projects that can provide key technologies. Therefore, government policies still play a key role in the technology transfer of multinational companies. For example, in order to combine FDI with the national technological innovation strategy, the Singapore government has formulated the "2 1 century science and technology plan for the era of knowledge economy" and the "2 1 century science and technology entrepreneur plan". The planned investment fund for the first phase is 1 billion dollars, of which 25% will be invested abroad to explore the international market; 50% is used to attract foreign investors to set up venture capital funds in Singapore (matching with foreign investors by 1: 2 or 1: 3). The government also stipulates that the fixed investment income of emerging industrial projects is tax-free for five years, and reinvestment enjoys preferential tax rates of 10 and 10%. According to the Korean government, except for aerospace, atomic energy, national defense industry and high-tech projects applying for tax reduction or exemption, technology imports in all industries do not need to be declared to the government, and enterprises can introduce them themselves. Advanced technology companies directly invested by foreign investors are exempt from income tax for seven years, and the property tax is reduced by half for three years, with 8- 15.

(4) Improve the incentive mechanism for personnel training and promote the return of innovative talents.

Talent spillover effect is an important effect of technology spillover of multinational companies, but this effect can only be realized and amplified when talents return to local enterprises. For example, Taiwan Province Province has made full use of the talents of multinational companies in developing microelectronics industry. Executives of many companies, such as Dezhou Instruments in Taiwan Province Province and Philips in Taiwan Province Province, left their jobs and became executives of local enterprises. China Chery and Geely Automobile have "dug" a large number of technical and management talents from foreign-funded enterprises, and these talents have played an important role in independent innovation of enterprises. However, attracting innovative talents requires a good mechanism and environment. If domestic enterprises lack corresponding incentive mechanism, a large number of innovative talents will still stay in foreign-funded enterprises, and even state-owned enterprises will train talents for foreign-funded enterprises for a long time. This talent spillover effect will not be realized, but there will be a vicious circle. For example, at present, China has trained more than 50,000 software graduates every year, 50% of whom have entered foreign enterprises or gone abroad, and 44.7% of software talents from state-owned enterprises have flowed to foreign-funded enterprises. This phenomenon deserves vigilance. Second, actively attract overseas talents to return to China to start businesses. Overseas talents not only master the world's cutting-edge technology and management methods, but also have local feelings and are familiar with the national conditions, which is an important force to realize the independent innovation strategy. China's early returned scientific and technological talents have played an important role in scientific and technological innovation in many key fields. Nowadays, many high-tech industries are played by international students. For example, many executives in many industries, such as microelectronics, Internet and finance, have a complex of studying abroad. In addition, it is necessary to cultivate self-cultivation. Many multinational companies have established their own universities, which not only train employees, but also instill the concept of corporate culture, so that every employee becomes the source of enterprise innovation. At present, China Haier, Geely and other enterprises have also set up their own universities, laying a solid talent foundation for independent innovation.

Using competition mechanism and foreign direct investment to promote the continuous transfer of technology by multinational companies.

With the continuous expansion of China's FDI absorption scale, it is bound to become the policy orientation of the technology strategy of utilizing foreign capital in the future to urge multinational companies to exchange technology for market with competition mechanism. When foreign cars first entered China, due to the lack of market competition, Shanghai Volkswagen Company, a joint venture between German Volkswagen and Shanghai Automobile Company, was the first generation of Santana in 16, and the price of this product eliminated by Germany in the 1980s has been at a high level in the China market. After China joined the WTO, a large number of foreign automobile manufacturers entered the China market. In order to gain a firm foothold in China market, multinational companies constantly introduce new products and technologies to reduce product prices. In 2002, China * * * owned more than 40 brands and more than 200 kinds of automobile products, among which the newly launched models accounted for 60% of the automobile market. The competition mechanism has promoted the transfer of foreign advanced technology. At present, more than 400 of the world's top 500 enterprises have invested in China. The intensification of competition will force multinational companies to continuously transfer new technologies and accelerate the technology spillover effect of FDI. In addition, we should vigorously develop supporting production with foreign-invested enterprises and create conditions for independent innovation by supporting foreign-invested enterprises. Encourage domestic enterprises to form an organic match with foreign-invested enterprises. At present, China's raw materials, technology and production management have developed to a very high level, and it is fully capable of forming a complete set with the production of foreign-invested enterprises. The matching process will also force foreign businessmen to provide relevant technologies to domestic enterprises and bring more learning opportunities to domestic enterprises.