Let me start with Italy. Italy seldom depends on its poor colonies. Italy's economy has long relied on light industry in the northern region. The northern region has developed commerce and trade, dense population, huge middle class and close ties with western Europe, so it can quickly benefit from the industrial revolution and develop. Even so, there is still a big gap between Italy and countries such as Britain and France, but it is better than countries with weak industries such as Spain and Portugal.

Germany: German colony, as upstairs said. Germany's colonies are all colonies of production resources and cannot be its market.

Reasons for the rise of Germany: 1. At first, it benefited from its close ties with Western Europe, from which it could quickly acquire technology and ideas.

2. A large number of Germans in the United States keep Germany in close contact with the United States and can easily obtain American capital, resources and markets.

3. Brazil and Argentina also have a large population of German origin, which is convenient for Germany to import resources from these areas and export industrial products to South America.

Germany itself is rich in coal and iron resources, so basic industries can develop without external force, and developed industries such as steel, machinery and transportation provide power for other industries. This is Germany's biggest advantage over southern European countries and even France.

Due to geographical and cultural reasons, it is very convenient for Germany to dump industrial products to Eastern Europe and the Balkans. Although facing the competition from Austria-Hungary, Austria-Hungary soon disintegrated and no longer had industrial competitiveness.

6. The rigorous character of Germans makes German industrial products reliable in quality and fine in workmanship, which is the most remarkable reason why German industry is leading the world so far.

7. Germany did not stop its rapid population growth until after World War II, so its population is much larger than that of Britain and France, and it is rich in labor resources.

8. Germany has the strongest Jewish community in Europe and its influence is spread all over the world. They regard Germany as their hometown, and their strong influence on financial capital has promoted the development of Germany.

To sum up, Germany has many advantages to become a big country, which is enough to make up for the shortage of colonies.

Sweden: 1. In the early days, Sweden mainly exported iron ore, timber and other resources to accumulate original capital.

2. The Swedish descendants of the United States and Canada brought capital and market to Sweden.

3. Technology and ideas are influenced by Western Europe, just like Germany.

4. Northeast Europe and Finland are the original export markets of Swedish industrial products.

In 5200, there was no war, the Swedish economy developed steadily, the infrastructure was never damaged, and the labor force was never lost. However, Western and Central European countries suffered heavy losses in wars.

6. It is well known that Swedes are strict in character and excellent in quality of industrial products. Nordic environmental protection concept is more competitive in modern society.

To sum up, Sweden has become a developed country, even an extremely developed country.

Norway: The situation in Norway is similar to that in Sweden, but the difference is that:

1, Norway's fishery resources and oil resources make Norway stronger than Sweden in terms of resources and capital accumulation, and its ability to obtain foreign exchange is stronger.

2. Early British investment in Norway.

3. Norway's market direction mainly follows Britain, and less involves the inland of Europe.

The situation in Denmark is similar to that in Sweden, with the difference that:

1, Denmark's agriculture is developed, so it doesn't need to import food, but it can get foreign exchange by exporting milk and meat products.

2. The development of Denmark benefits from German capital and the convenience of German northern port trade.

Denmark's geographical position gives it an advantage in maritime trade.

The situation in Finland is similar to that in Sweden, but the differences are as follows:

1, Finland was invaded by the Soviet Union, its economy suffered a devastating blow, and the country almost perished. After the war, a lot of infrastructure was rebuilt and industrial production was re-planned, which was good for modern industry.

2. During the Cold War, Finland was an important window for the western world to trade with the Eastern bloc.

3. Finland's capital accumulation started very late, but its possession of the Eastern European market during the Cold War gave Finland a unique advantage in Northern Europe.

Colony is only a way to obtain resources and export products, and it is also the most convenient way. It is not the only way for capital accumulation and industrial development. There are many countries without colonies. Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Switzerland, Austria and Ireland all belong to the ranks of developed countries. Some colonies are easy to rely on colonies, but easy to decline, such as Spain and Portugal after Latin American independence, such as Britain and France, which lost their status as first-class powers after World War II.