1. Central Bank: responsible for issuing domestic currency, formulating money supply, holding and dispatching foreign exchange reserves, and maintaining the internal and external value of domestic currency. Under the floating exchange rate system, the central bank intervenes in the foreign exchange market by buying or selling foreign exchange to maintain market order.

2. Foreign exchange banks: Foreign exchange banks are the main participants in the foreign exchange market. They can handle financial services for foreign exchange transactions for customers, exchange foreign exchange, conduct inter-bank foreign exchange transactions, adjust the supply and demand of the foreign exchange market, and buy and sell surplus foreign exchange.

3. Foreign exchange broker: the intermediary between foreign exchange banks, central banks and customers, which does not bear the risk of profit and loss of foreign exchange transactions, negotiates exchange agreements for foreign exchange transactions on behalf of customers, and woos and matches buyers and sellers for direct or indirect transactions.

4. Customers: including traders, investors, speculators and other foreign exchange participants, such as overseas students, tourists and foreigners. Except speculators, they are all in normal economic activities and need to conduct foreign exchange transactions with foreign exchange banks.