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The third world refers to countries and regions with relatively backward economic development and relatively low status in international political and economic relations. Geographically, most of them are located in the south of developed countries. Third world countries are also called developing countries and southern countries.
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Word meaning change
This term was first put forward by economist Alfred Sauvy in the French magazine Le Nouvel Observateur on August 4th 1952. Originally refers to the third class (the third class) in the French Revolution. During the Cold War, some countries with relatively backward economic development defined themselves by the term "third world" to show that they were neither close to NATO nor the Soviet Union. Many members of the Non-Aligned Movement belong to the third world.
In addition, Mao Zedong, leader of China's * * * production party, said in a conversation with Zambian President kaunda on February 22, 1974: "I think the United States and the Soviet Union are the first world. The centrists, Japan, Europe, Australia and Canada, are the second world. We are the third world. This is another definition.
Now, this word mainly refers to those countries with a small United Nations human development index, regardless of their ideology. Academically, these countries are also called southern countries, developing countries, and developing countries and most of the world.
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Development history
The third world developed after World War II. The Bandung Conference, the Non-Aligned Movement and the Group of 77 are three symbols of the formation and development of the Third World.
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The international status of developing countries
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Developing countries in the sense of development economics
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External imbalances in developing countries
Unbalanced foreign trade structure
Lack of foreign exchange
Fluctuating export income
Debt problem
Economic dependence
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Politics in developing countries
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Foreign relations of developing countries
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The first world, the second world and the third world roughly divide the countries in the world into three categories. These three words will not appear at the same time. After World War II, people often regard the members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Warsaw Treaty Organization as two types of countries, and regard the free world and the Soviet bloc as one. At this time, there are no first and second concepts of "world". People soon realized that there are still many countries that do not belong to these two categories. In the 1950s, they were mentioned by the Third World. Thus, there is the first world and the second world.
In the end, western European countries and countries "influenced" by the United States are regarded as the first world. In addition to North America and Western Europe, the first world countries also include other industrialized capitalist countries, such as Japan and former British colonial countries, such as Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.
There are still some countries that do not fully meet the definition of the first world, such as Switzerland, Sweden, Ireland and the United States. These countries are neutral countries. Finland is influenced by the Soviet Union, but it is not a producer or a member of the Warsaw Pact. Austria was influenced by the United States, but became a completely independent republic in 1955. So it is neutral. Turkey joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization on 1952, but it is not an industrialized country and is not completely located in Western Europe. Spain did not join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization until 1982, when the cold war ended and dictator Franco died. 199 1 after the disintegration of the Soviet union, the saying of the second world gradually withdrew from the historical stage. At the same time, the first world began to include all developed countries.
In addition, Mao Zedong, leader of China's * * * production party, put forward in 1974: "I think the United States and the Soviet Union are the first world. Middle school, Japan, Europe, Canada, the second world. We are the third world. " The third world has a large population. Apart from Japan, Asia is the third world. Africa as a whole is the third world and Latin America is the third world. 」
Later, Deng Xiaoping further elaborated at the UN General Assembly: "From the perspective of changes in international relations, there are actually three interrelated and contradictory aspects and three worlds in the world today. America and the Soviet Union are the first world. Developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America are the third world. The developed countries in between are the second world. 」
This definition is very popular in China literature (especially in Chinese mainland).
In recent years, many developing countries have also achieved industrialization, and the term "fourth world" has begun to appear, referring to those countries that do not belong to global economic integration and lack the basis of industrialization.
The second world [consists of developed countries other than superpowers]
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The national map that is considered to constitute the "second world" has two meanings.
According to the division of three worlds in Mao Zedong, it refers to the developed countries between the first world and the third world. This meaning is mainly found in Chinese literature.
English refers to Eastern European countries or other socialist countries, such as China and Yugoslavia. This meaning gradually withdrew from the historical stage after 199 1 the disintegration of the Soviet Union.