Currency appreciation is also called "currency appreciation". It means that the currency value of a country has increased or risen relative to other countries. The increase in commodity value is usually a good thing (money itself is a commodity), but the increase in the value of a country's currency is not a good thing for that country. Because the appreciation of a country's currency will directly affect its macro-economy.
Currency devaluation (also called devaluation) is the symmetry of currency appreciation, which refers to the decline of the value contained in or represented by unit currency, that is, the decline of unit currency price. Currency devaluation can be understood from different angles.
Foreign exchange reserves, also known as foreign exchange reserves, refer to foreign exchange assets held by central banks and other government agencies to meet the needs of international payment. The specific forms of foreign exchange reserves include: short-term government deposits abroad or other means of payment that can be cashed abroad, such as foreign securities, checks, promissory notes, foreign currency drafts of foreign banks, etc. It is mainly used to pay off the balance of payments deficit, intervene in the foreign exchange market and maintain the exchange rate of the domestic currency.