1. Following the order

1. Making the contract: After the customer places the order, check whether the product price is consistent with the previous order or the previously confirmed price, and whether the total amount is correct , if correct, enter the information into the foreign trade expert software to make an export contract for customer confirmation. If it is T/T 30%, and ask them to arrange a deposit. After the deposit is received, the purchase contract will be issued to the factory for production. If it is If you do 100% T/T beforehand, you can arrange production directly. Whether you are making an export contract or a purchase contract, you must pay special attention to product description, quantity, price, total amount, payment method, and delivery date and coordinate with the factory to avoid missing the delivery date in the future. After placing the purchase contract and arriving at the factory, ask the person in charge of the factory to sign it back and keep it on file. If possible, you can also ask the factory to calculate the order volume in advance to prepare for future arrangements for booking space and container consolidation.

2. Commodity inspection: Goods that require commodity inspection can be inspected one or two weeks before the delivery date. If the factory arranges commodity inspection, it will provide inspection materials to the factory, including export contracts, packing lists, and invoices. About two or three days later, after the factory has applied to the local Commodity Inspection Bureau to complete the commodity inspection, it will fax you the certificate replacement receipt and keep it for future customs declaration arrangements. The replacement voucher only shows the first item of the actual customs declaration and the total declared amount. The validity period is generally three months. The actual customs declaration amount can be less than the amount on the replacement voucher. However, a replacement voucher can only be used once and cannot be reused.

3. Apply for C/O or Form A: Apply for C/O or Form A according to which country the customer belongs to or the specific requirements of the customer. Form A is the Generalized System of Preferences Certificate of Origin. Currently, there are 36 countries that grant my country Generalized System of Preferences treatment and can enjoy tariff reductions and exemptions. C/O is a general certificate of origin, which only proves that the goods are produced in China. Generally, the certificate of origin is processed by the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, but if it is a universal certificate of origin, it can be processed at the Commodity Inspection Bureau. Please do this at least one week before shipment. Regardless of whether you are applying for a general certificate of origin or a GSP certificate of origin, the basic procedure is to prepare the information (including contracts, invoices, packing lists, etc.) The personnel of the Commodity Inspection Bureau will manually review the document once more. After passing the inspection, you can go and collect the document.

4. Inspection and space booking: Always pay attention to the production progress of factory orders. More than ten days before the delivery date, ask the factory whether it can deliver the goods on time. If so, prepare to book space with the freight forwarder and arrange inspection at the same time. Personnel inspection. After passing the inspection, book space with the freight forwarder. If the customer designates a freight forwarder, fill in the booking form directly and give it to the designated freight forwarding company personnel. The ordering form must fill in the consignor, consignee, notifier, shipping port, destination port, container type, number of boxes, and products. Name, gross weight, volume, etc., and let them book the space on your behalf. Two or three days later, the freight forwarder will fax you the warehouse receipt after booking the space. Pay attention to the container cut-off time and material replenishment time on the warehouse receipt. Fax it to the factory and ask the factory to deliver the goods to the warehouse within the time specified on it. . If you arrange the trailer to move the cabinet yourself, you need to fill out the authorization letter for the cabinet, indicating the cabinet type, time to move the cabinet, loading address, factory contact person, contact number, etc., and fax it together with the warehouse receipt to the tow truck company. Arrange dragging cabinets.

5. Customs declaration: After booking the space, at least three days before the document replenishment time, fill in the customs declaration information and send it to the customs broker or ask the freight forwarder to help with the customs declaration. Customs declaration materials include: export contract, packing list, invoice, customs declaration form, verification form (note that the verification form must be filed with the Commodity Inspection Bureau before being sent to the customs broker or freight forwarder), inspection power of attorney, and certificate replacement receipt , C/O or Form A, etc.

6. Get the bill: After the goods are declared to customs and enter the warehouse, issue the bill of lading to the freight forwarder in a timely manner and check the bill of lading with them. Within two or three days after the ship sails, the freight forwarder will list the fees, including document fees, AMS fees, customs clearance fees, operating fees, etc. Arrange factory payment and pass the bill to the freight forwarder. After the money arrives in the freight forwarder's account, you can get the original bill of lading from the freight forwarder. Generally, the freight forwarding company does not send the bill of lading and requires the company to send someone to pick it up. If the company does not have the manpower, it can also issue a bill of lading authorization letter to the freight forwarder and let it send it directly. to the company. If the bill of lading is released by telex, apply for the telex release of the bill of lading, stamp it with the company seal, and fax the signature to the freight forwarder. Remember to ask the freight forwarder to fax you a copy of the bill of lading so that the company can keep it for your records.

7. Notify the customer: After the goods are shipped, send an email to notify the customer of the ship name, sailing date, etc., so that they can purchase insurance in time.

8. Send a reminder note: After getting the original bill of lading, scan the copy and email it to the customer to urge them to pay the balance. After the customer's payment is received, send the original bill of lading, packing list (the data should be consistent with the bill of lading), and invoice to the customer. Write the container number, seal number and invoice number on the invoice and packing list. Although it is not important, it is I think it’s better to write it down.

9. Tax refund: One month after customs declaration, the customs broker or freight forwarder will return the customs declaration copy and the tax refund copy of the verification form to you. Take these documents with the verification form sent by the bank. You can apply for tax refund at the Foreign Exchange Bureau.

Note:

1. Some products are more complex in process. You can ask the factory to make pre-production samples before production, or in order to control the quality, ask the factory to issue pre-shipment samples before shipment. Sample.

2. Documentation work requires great care and patience. Always pay attention to the production progress of the factory and arrange shipping schedules in a timely manner. When making various documents, you must be particularly careful. All documents must be It's very important. You must check and check again. I often make mistakes, but fortunately I haven't caused any losses to the company and I discovered them in time. I think that if you don’t have urgent documents, you can prepare them in advance and check them carefully before taking them out, which can avoid many mistakes. You can summarize your work every once in a while, including what goods need to be shipped, what documents need to be prepared on which day, which samples are being proofed, what things need to be returned to the customer, etc.

2. Work procedures for customer samples

When receiving new products requested by customers for proofing, first take photos and archive them, label the samples, and indicate which customer it is and what date it is. Send samples for future inquiry. Then fill out the proofing form and proofing requirements and send the samples to the factory for proofing. If it is a more important sample, the factory must also be asked to return the sample after making the sample.

3. Procedure for sending samples

After the factory lays out the samples, according to the actual situation, keep a copy of the sample or take a photo and file it for future discussion with the customer. When packaging samples, pay special attention to the packaging box not being too large. Measure the dimensions of the outer box, weigh it, and record and file it yourself (so that you can check the monthly statement with the courier company later). For fragile items, put a fragile mark on the outer box, or to prevent the courier from making mistakes, you can use white paper to write the contact number of the sender and recipient on the outer box, and paste the address on the outer box. You must also keep a record of who you are sending to, the purpose of sending, the items sent, the courier tracking number, etc. for future inquiries. After the samples are sent, write an email to inform the customer of the items sent, the express tracking number, etc.

Detailed explanation of foreign trade operation procedures and techniques of foreign trade companies

What is the process of foreign trade? Should I start by following orders?

For merchandisers and basic professionals in foreign trade, what are the benefits of starting as a follower? The merchandisers themselves are already familiar with the orders, implementation and arrangements received by the customers. They can first be familiar with the products. If they are not familiar with their own products when promoting foreign trade, it will be difficult to sell them to customers.

So I I believe that if you start as a merchandiser and implement and arrange individual orders in the factory, you must first be familiar with the retailer's products, including the foreign trade operation process of the product throughout the factory's production and operation, which will be more advantageous when engaging in foreign business negotiations. How to introduce to customers, including the product process, performance, and characteristics, is more conducive to selling to customers. Customers are negotiating with you to buy your product.

If you are familiar with your product, the customer will You will be considered very knowledgeable and knowledgeable about the product, which is very important.

There are three types of invoices in foreign trade. One is called a proforma invoice, which is used for remittances by foreign merchants, one is a commercial invoice for customs declaration, and the other is purchased by the tax office. Is that so?

The first is called a proforma invoice. A proforma invoice is negotiated and signed with the customer. Before the contract is officially confirmed, customers from some countries, people from some regions, and some countries Before the contract is officially implemented, you are required to fax him a proforma invoice.

The purpose is to apply for foreign exchange, or apply for an import license, and also to process the application. Do this application first. Purpose, this is called a proforma invoice. Because it is a formal invoice, it cannot be used as a formal invoice. Therefore, this proforma invoice is not binding on both the buyer and the seller.

The contract is officially executed. Later, when the contract is officially signed, a commercial invoice will be issued to the customer, which is used by the customer for customs declaration and bank settlement. There should be two types of invoices.

The proforma invoice is only a formality and is used by the other party to apply for foreign exchange, apply for an import license, or apply for a letter of credit from the bank. It is a formality and is used by both the buyer and the seller. It is non-binding. After the goods are officially handed over, we will issue an invoice called a commercial invoice, which is mainly used for settlement of goods.

Does the level of English proficiency have a crucial impact on foreign trade work?

The level of English proficiency will of course have a vital impact on foreign trade, because as a foreign trade personnel, you need to have a certain foundation in English, especially spoken English, because you have to communicate with customers Communication and negotiation,

So it is not only about being able to understand, the key is to express it with slogans. Foreign trade itself is communication and communication with customers. There are certain requirements for communication in spoken English. You must be able to Express.

Hello teacher, I have just started to get involved in foreign trade. I just graduated this year and am now doing follow-up orders, but I don’t have a clear goal yet. Can you give me some advice?

I would like to give this student some advice. Merchandisers themselves start from basic work and are basic talents. Therefore, I suggested that he first start from the perspective that he has just entered this field. Develop yourself a cheerful, nurturing and communicative character. Because merchandisers have just entered this industry, they must first understand their own factory,

understand its products, and learn about the factory’s production and operation processes. To carry out work in this area, when interacting with people and personnel from various departments, you must practice your communication and dealing methods with people, and cultivate your character in this area. In addition, I also suggested that he should just start doing the follow-up work. When purchasing, be sure to prepare all kinds of information,

Including product information, price list, various aspects of product performance, characteristics, functions, etc. This is product information, and customer profile information must also be established. The product is Which countries and regions we sell to and which customers we sell to should also do a good job in this area. Therefore, this aspect is more important for those who have just entered the industry.

Can you introduce the contract traps in foreign trade transactions?

In the entire process of foreign trade transactions, because there are sometimes a lot of contract frauds, we must pay attention to various contract terms when negotiating with the other party, because the main transaction terms in the contract must be To be very clear and specific, you must master the most important transaction terms in the contract.

For example, product name, price, especially for foreign trade, there is a price clause, and what price number is used for the price reported to the outside world? It must be clear, because business people who have just started to get involved in foreign trade often have this point. For example, if a product costs five US dollars per dozen, which price conditions are these five US dollars in US dollars? The price proverb must be clear.

For example, it is the FOB price at the shipping port, because the FOB price itself is shipped at our shipping port. This price has many subcontracts, and the freight and insurance are handled by the other party. If it is a CFR price, we You need to pay the freight to the port of destination. I will talk about three commonly used ones.

This is the most basic in foreign trade. There is also a price we call CIF. At this price, we not only have to bear the freight to the port of destination. , we also have to pay the insurance premium. First of all, we must prevent some fraud in the contract.

If the contract is not clear, it is very likely that the other party will say that the price I quoted was FOB. As a result, the other party will say that I What is required is CIF price. Now why is it FOB? There will be a dispute because we not only bear the freight for the CIF price, but we also have to pay the insurance premium. Logically speaking, we should quote FOB. If so, we don’t have to pay for these two expenses. They are all the other party’s. When setting the price terms, we must not forget the price terms of the contract. What price terms are used and what price is quoted. This is something that a novice should pay more attention to.

Let me give you another example. Regarding fraud in contracts, the packaging of products and packaging terms are also very important. The example I am talking about now is that when we sign a contract, each term must be very important. Clearly, it is easiest to bring up the payment terms in the contract, including the method of payment, etc., which must be clearly reflected in the contract.

What method is used to settle the payment for international goods? Cash payment is rarely used in international transactions, and bills are all used. If you are just engaged in foreign trade and start negotiating your first transaction , you insist that the other party's payment method is to use a letter of credit L/C. This method must also be very clear, so in these aspects, I feel that some fraud will occur because of the contract.

In terms of price In terms of terms, he will deceive you. As for the payment method, we insist on using letters of credit. When you don’t know much about the other party and the other party’s customers, it is safer to insist on using the letter of credit as the settlement method.

Can you introduce the entire foreign trade operation process in detail?

(1) Receive orders from foreign customers

(2) Make proforma invoices and send them to foreign customers, and foreign customers will sign back

(3) Make production orders Domestic customers, domestic customers return signatures

(4) Request markings, color pictures, and barcodes from foreign customers, and send the marks, color pictures, and barcodes to domestic customers

(5) Follow up domestic customers for production

(6) When the departure date is about 10 days, ask the foreign customer's freight forwarder for the standard format of the booking form, fill it out as required, and then forward it to the shipping company for booking< /p>

(7) The shipping company issues a formal S/O

(8) Generally, its own inspector goes to the supplier’s factory to inspect the goods (if the customer has inspection in mainland China The representative usually requires the supplier to tow the goods back to the company, and then let the customer's mainland inspection representative conduct inspection)

(9) Pass the S/O to the towing company (indicate this in front of the S/O Time, place, time, contact number, etc. to tow the container)

(10) Make the customs declaration content, that is, "FAX MESSAGE", and ask the towing company for the address of the customs broker to facilitate the foreign trade company to send it A complete set of documents (as much as possible that can be classified, in order to reduce write-off orders)

(11) Indicate the address of the customs broker on the "FAX MESSAGE", and then send the "FAX MESSAGE" to the foreign trade Company

(The foreign trade company will pass the customs declaration information to the customs broker), and at the same time issue a "cabinet loading notice" to the manufacturer

(12) After loading the container, send the container number, Fill in the seal number and other information (for goods that need to be fumigated, fill in the fumigation format) and then send it to the customs broker for customs declaration

(13) Make FORM A and send FORM A to the foreign trade company

(14) Make a shipping notice and send it to the customer

(15) Return the customs order, add an application form for issuing a special value-added tax invoice, and submit it to the financial accountant (use 9.18 exchange rate)

(16) Make the bill of lading and send it to the shipping company

(17) The foreign trade company will send the official FORM A

( 18) Prepare shipping notice, certificate of origin (FORMA), bill of lading, invoice, packing list (sometimes with disinfection and fumigation certificate), and send them to foreign customers together, and require foreign customers to pay

(19 ) Submit the copy of the bill of lading and DEBIT NOTE (water bill) to the finance department. After the finance department pays the DEBIT NOTE fee, the shipping company will release the original bill of lading, and I will send the above original documents directly to the foreign customer so that the foreign customer can pick up the goods

Let me talk about foreign trade transactions first. The formation of a contract usually goes through four links. The first is inquiry, the second is offer, the third is counteroffer, and the last link is acceptance. It is really these four links. Among these four links, the offer we are talking about is,

The first inquiry is an inquiry, and the second offer is that we quote our price based on his inquiry, which is the main condition of the entire transaction. If there is one item in our offer that he cannot accept, he may raise doubts. , and finally acceptance. If there is no doubt about the whole process, acceptance means the establishment of the contract.

The second and fourth links are essential links in our transaction. A transaction There must be an offer and an acceptance to achieve the transaction. These are the four links in the establishment of a transaction. The entire foreign trade process actually includes some preparations for negotiating with the other party.

Before negotiation Preparation, negotiation, performance of the contract, and finally the signing of the contract. The entire transaction is the above four links.

We know that all trade processes should be prepared for negotiation first, which contains a lot of content, including market research, customer research, preparation of supply sources, and preparation of relevant materials.

This information is your product information and quotation. This is the preparation stage, and then the negotiation process. During the negotiation process, as a business person, you must have some negotiation skills.

It is very important that your understanding of the product and the customer will help you to be able to handle the negotiation with ease, and then the signing of the contract, and finally the performance of the contract. The performance of the contract also includes the arrangement of the contract goods. Arrangement of production, inspection, shipment and finally receiving the goods.

According to what you said above, the proforma invoice is only formal and has no binding force on both parties. But why do so many foreign customers now generally not use contracts, but just sign the proforma invoice? Is this risky for us? Thank you for your answer?

Proforma invoices are now available in some countries. Customers from certain regions and countries do not have contracts. I have also encountered them. They only need you to send a proforma invoice. The customer must first apply for foreign exchange. For some products, Import license, with this pro forma invoice, the license has been processed, and the foreign exchange application has been applied for. In this case, as long as he issues a letter of credit, there is no risk to us.

According to national trade rules , especially in our country’s foreign trade, the final transaction must be concluded with a written contract. As for some individuals, if there is any risk in this, the key is to see what payment method you use.

< p> If an individual asks for a proforma invoice from you, he does not want a contract, but he issues a letter of credit to your company based on your proforma invoice. In this way, there is no risk, because you ultimately arrange the goods based on the letter of credit. Because the issuance of a letter of credit is independent of the contract, there is a contract in itself. If I require the other party to pay by letter of credit, it will be another performance of the contract besides the independent contract, so We arrange production and shipment of goods by letter of credit.

Is the settlement method of letter of credit risky? What risks will there be? How can it be avoided?

Letter of credit is now the most common method of settlement of foreign exchange in our import and export trade, because the settlement of foreign exchange by letter of credit should be said to be relatively safe, because the letter of credit has three characteristics

First, bank credit, because the letter of credit itself is a certificate issued by the bank to our exporter to guarantee payment according to the importer's request, and it itself is bank credit. The bank that issues the letter of credit bears the first payment responsibility. After the letter of credit is issued, the issuer goes bankrupt during the period

As long as our exporter ships the goods in accordance with the requirements in the letter of credit. , if the bill is paid in accordance with the relevant terms of the letter of credit, the bank will guarantee payment. This is bank credit.

Second, the letter of credit is a self-sufficient document, because the importer applies for the letter of credit according to the terms in the contract. However, once the letter of credit is issued by the bank, it is signed independently of us. For another performance other than the contract, the letter of credit is no longer bound by the contract. Therefore, as the exporter, after receiving the letter of credit,

we must arrange the production and shipment of the goods in accordance with the terms in the letter of credit. , including the preparation of relevant documents. As long as they are prepared correctly, the letter of credit will guarantee payment. Therefore, after the letter of credit is issued, it will be another performance independent of the contract.

Third, a letter of credit is a document buying and selling business. After the bank issues the letter of credit, the bank will finally pay you. Why? He is checking whether the documents submitted by our exporter to the bank are correct.

If the documents submitted by our exporter to the bank are completely consistent with the terms in the letter of credit, the bank will 100% guarantee payment to you. There will be no non-payment,

So the bank examines the documents instead of looking at your goods. As for whether the goods you sent are correct and whether the quality of the goods meets the requirements, the bank does not ask, he only Check that the documents you give him are in full compliance with the requirements, and he will pay you.

As an exporter, if we use a letter of credit to settle foreign exchange, we must make documents in strict accordance with the terms in the letter of credit, so that we can receive payment safely,

< p>If there are errors in your documents and you do not follow the requirements in the letter of credit, the bank may refuse to pay. If the documents are made slightly wrong, the bank will not pay.

If the documents we produce are not consistent with the letter of credit, we run the risk of not receiving the money, because the settlement method of the letter of credit requires us, the exporter, to make sure that the documents are consistent and that the documents are consistent.

Because there are many export documents, including invoices, packing lists, commodity inspection certificates, etc., each document must be completely consistent with each other. Only by achieving this, the foreign exchange settlement of the letter of credit is relatively safe and risk-free. However, if the documents are inconsistent, our foreign exchange settlement will be risky. Even though it is a letter of credit, the bank can refuse to pay.

In the process of quoting, many freight issues are involved. How to collect freight rates from different places?

Our freight forwarders and shipping companies will provide services in this area. Which country is your shipment going to and which shipping company are you planning to load it on? If you ask them for this information, they will Provided to you free of charge.

There are now very popular exams related to foreign trade qualification certificates, such as document clerks, customs declarers, export sales clerks, etc. I am an English major. How should I control my own direction and which one to take? Which qualification exam is better?

Because there are many aspects of the qualification examination for foreign trade professionals. Usually the foreign trade system has customs declarers, merchandisers, etc. With these professionals, I think for this, individuals have to depend on their personal circumstances. I am engaged in foreign trade. After so many years of work, based on my own feelings, I think it is like this. Export sales personnel serve as the core backbone.

If you have good foreign language proficiency and are familiar with international trade knowledge, generally speaking , if your major is international assurance, etc., the requirements for all aspects of export sales personnel are relatively high, and the exam is also nationwide, the gold content of this certificate is very high,

But it is not suitable for foreign language students. The requirements are very high. I think if you are good at foreign languages ??and major in international trade, you might as well take the exam for export salesperson certification.

Document clerk, in our foreign trade business, the job of the document clerk is to produce and review documents after the goods are shipped. This job is relatively It's more comfortable because you sit in an office. For ordinary girls and introverts, because document clerks have to deal with people,

If you want to work more quietly and comfortably, don't run around and don't often When traveling on a business trip, it is more comfortable and relatively good to prepare documents according to your own preferences.

The requirements for English by the document staff are not very high, but they must have some basic knowledge, because it must be based on credit In most cases, the letters of credit are written in English. You need to understand the letters of credit and read a few more copies. As the years go by, they will become more or less the same. Their formats are different, but the terms are similar. Read them every day. I quickly mastered this thing.

I think this is the case for a merchandiser, because the best requirement for a merchandiser is relatively rich knowledge. As a merchandiser, he must have knowledge in all aspects. His work scope is relatively wide and his work spans It is also relatively large. The entire process from receiving the order to arranging it is the job of the merchandiser, who has to deal with all kinds of people.

The merchandiser must be good at sociability and know how to communicate with others. Employees spend very little time in the office, and often go to other places, such as factories, to meet customers, etc., so they often travel on business. If you are outgoing and active, and are good at dealing with people, I suggest that you might as well become a follower. ,

I think customs declaration is the main job in the foreign trade market now. The passing rate of the national customs declaration examination is also relatively low. I heard that it is less than 10%, but really from the perspective of foreign trade companies, There is a certain demand for customs brokers in foreign shipping companies and cargo loans. For real foreign trade companies, I think the demand for customs brokers is not very large.

As for several of our trading companies in Nanjing and Jiangsu, There is not a lot of demand, because customs declarers declare to the customs, but now customs declarations can be done for you by shipping companies and cargo companies, so in my opinion, the demand for customs declarers is not very high. You can choose according to your own needs. own direction.

Our factory has just started to engage in foreign trade, but it does not have import and export rights. If the foreign businessman accepts our quotation, how should we carry out specific operations, how should we find an agent foreign trade company, and how should we negotiate specific details after we find it? Matters, how to settle the order after the order is successfully received?

Some companies that do not have the conditions to export directly by themselves have nothing more than two approaches. One is to sell your products to a foreign trade company, one-time, for example, at what price, and the foreign trade company will Buy out, this is a method, if you don’t want anything from you, you will collect RMB from the foreign trade company.

If the goods are 200,000 RMB, you will receive 200,000 RMB from the foreign trade company. , if the foreign trade company is willing.

The second is to act as an agent through a foreign trade company. For example, as this comrade mentioned, their prices have been accepted by foreign trade. In this case, you can find a foreign trade company through the foreign trade company, because If you do not have the ability to export, the foreign trade company will help you get this batch of goods out. The price is determined by yourself.

You will have to pay the foreign trade company agency fee. How to negotiate this agency fee is based on you. According to my experience, the agency fee charged by a foreign trade company is usually about 0.8%. If the amount is very large, the agency fee charged by the foreign trade company will be reduced accordingly. If it is very small, < /p>

The agency fee will be relatively high. For the entire operation, the foreign trade company only charges you the agency fee. There is no responsibility or risk involved.

As for how you negotiate with the customer , how do you ask the customer to pay you, whether to use a letter of credit, or the customer to give you an advance payment, or a one-time transfer to you,

How to pay? Because your factory negotiates directly with the customer, foreign exchange You have to negotiate with the customer how to settle the bill, of course through the foreign trade company. The customer must pay the bill to the foreign trade company. After the bill arrives, the foreign trade company will transfer the bill according to our country's foreign exchange settlement price on which day. on your account. Deduct your own agency fees and that's it.

What aspects of freight should be included in the FOB price? How should the FOB port price be converted to the ex-factory price? Is there a formula that can directly convert it?

The FOB price itself is the price at which our seller is responsible for delivering the goods to the ship parked at our shipping port. The price itself is your cost plus the price from your factory, for example The freight to the inland port is the FOB price.

You need to add this price into it. FOB itself is a cost price. Your goods must be pulled to the dock and loaded on the ship. There may be a little cost. Cost, the container transporting your goods incurs domestic fees, etc. This price includes these fees. It and the factory delivery price itself do not have the price of inland freight.

It is produced in the factory. This price is the ex-factory price. From the perspective of our responsibility, the risk is very small. After the product is produced, we only need to notify the customer. How he picks up the product and installs it is his business.

There is no formula for the conversion fee between FOB and ex-factory price. The ex-factory price itself is the price of your product and does not include the inland part, nor does it include the things that may be incurred by me and the shipping company. Port fees.