The audit method is selected and determined according to the specific situation. The basic procedure is based on the review of the internal control system of the project, starting with the review of the preparation method of the project financial report, reviewing the source and application of the project funds reflected in the financial report one by one, reviewing the working capital account of the project, and reviewing the project management and fund use efficiency. The annual financial report of the project unit directly responsible for the repayment of foreign debts should also be reviewed. The purpose of the project internal control system review is to verify and evaluate the soundness and effectiveness of the internal control system by checking the conformity of some economic business and accounting matters with the internal control system, so as to find out its defects and deficiencies, thereby estimating the audit risk, clarifying the audit focus and audit methods, adjusting or modifying the audit plan, and putting forward suggestions for improving and perfecting the internal control to the project unit.
The focus of the internal control system review is to review and evaluate whether the project and its implementing agencies have sound and effective mechanisms such as authorization control, separation of duties control, post responsibility system, asset protection control, internal audit and audit system, and timely, completely and accurately control the accounting treatment and preparation of financial reports, and control the custody of accounting files, so as to ensure the truthfulness, legality and effectiveness of economic business treatment. The financial report of foreign loan projects independently reflects the financial revenue and expenditure, project construction progress and capital utilization results of the year since the project started. It is an important object for project management departments, government departments and foreign loan aid agencies to monitor the cost, progress, quality and benefit of project construction, and generally consists of project fund balance sheet or project fund source and utilization sheet, project (project) progress plan and project loan withdrawal sheet. The project unit that uses the special account for loan projects of international financial organizations shall prepare a special account statement to reflect the income and expenditure and deposits of the special account. The project unit that uses the expense table to withdraw foreign loans shall also prepare the expense summary table. The preparation method of financial reports of foreign loan and aid projects directly affects the fairness, comparability and usefulness of financial reports. Reviewing the preparation method of project financial report can find and prevent technical errors, thus ensuring the fairness, comparability and usefulness of project financial report. The contents of the review mainly include the following three aspects:
1. Whether the basis, format, contents, procedures and time of the project financial report or project summary financial report comply with relevant accounting systems, project agreements and international accounting standards, and whether there are tables, pages, items, explanations, mistakes, lines or omissions. If major omissions or major differences are found, the reasons shall be found out and the project implementation unit shall be required to make corrections according to the requirements of international accounting standards. If it cannot be corrected, an appropriate explanation should be made in the notes to the financial statements.
2. The correctness of all kinds of total calculation in the financial report of the project, the consistency of the cross-checking relationship between all kinds of relevant data and relevant accounting statements, and the cross-checking relationship between the current report and the previous report. Summarize the project financial report, focusing on checking whether the data source has been audited and whether the data processing between superior and subordinate is correct.
3. Consistency of accounting statements and statements with relevant general ledger, subsidiary ledger, accounting vouchers and other relevant supporting documents and physical assets records. Foreign loan project funds are indispensable resources for project construction, which are generally divided into two categories, namely foreign funds and domestic matching funds. According to the nature and source of funds, foreign capital can be divided into international organizations, international financial institutions and foreign government project investment loans and joint financing; Domestic matching funds can be divided into project budget allocation, domestic bank loans, corporate bonds, other self-raised funds and other income. Examining whether the sources of funds for foreign loans and aid projects are true and legal is an important part of the audit of foreign loans and aid projects, including the following three aspects:
1. Whether the progress, types and proportion of foreign capital extraction conform to the project agreement, whether the extraction documents are complete and true, whether the examination and approval procedures are complete, whether the accounting treatment is timely and accurate, whether the amount of foreign capital extracted is consistent with the statements of foreign lending institutions, and whether the foreign capital extracted is timely and fully allocated to lower-level project units according to the project agreement or foreign loan agreement. For in-kind assistance, we should focus on checking the integrity of the in-kind acceptance procedure and the consistency of the accounts, tables and certificates of the in-kind inventory. Focus on investigating and dealing with illegal and disciplinary acts such as misappropriation, transfer and corruption of foreign capital.
2. The scope, purpose, limit, procedure, payment date, examination and approval procedure and accounting treatment of foreign capital first extracted by the project unit in the project construction cost, and then it shall be handled in accordance with the project agreement in the form of expense table or retrospective reimbursement, or after the foreign capital account is closed. In particular, it is necessary to check item by item whether the expenses listed in the expense table are dedicated to the project construction and whether there are qualified reimbursement documents. The expenditure of self-operated civil works should be examined whether there is a qualified supervision or engineer's acceptance certificate for the progress and quality of the project; For the contracted civil engineering expenditure, it is necessary to check whether there is a qualified contract, the contractor's withdrawal application, the project price settlement form, etc. For equipment and materials procurement expenditure, it is necessary to check whether there are qualified procurement contracts, supplier invoices, shipping documents, etc. We should focus on investigating fraudulent acts such as altering or forging withdrawal vouchers.
3 in accordance with the project agreement, timely and full collection, disbursement, accounting and management of domestic matching funds. Focus on checking whether the matching funds are in place in time and in full; Whether the source of self-raised funds is legal, whether there is illegal fund-raising and apportionment, and whether there is a situation in which foreign loans and aid funds are converted into RMB as self-raised funds; Other project income, such as single project trial operation income and foreign exchange account deposit interest income, etc. , according to the provisions of the timely and complete accounting, there is no problem of concealing income or forming off-balance sheet funds. Foreign loan project funds are mainly used for project construction, equipment and materials procurement, personnel training fees and expert service fees. Among them, foreign capital is mainly used for investment in fixed assets, purchasing imported equipment and materials, hiring foreign experts, training overseas personnel and other expenses that must be paid in foreign exchange; Domestic matching funds are mainly used for domestic expenses such as civil construction, resettlement in the project area, project management, and prepayment of project funds. You don't need to pay in foreign exchange. They are the main contents of project financial management and accounting. Examining the authenticity, legality and efficiency of the use of project funds is the core task of the audit of foreign loan and aid projects. The contents of the review mainly include the following aspects:
1. Project expenditure. The expenditure classification of foreign loan projects is quite special, usually divided into two categories. The first category is classified by domestic capital construction expenditure items, including projects under construction, other expenditures and assets delivered for use. Among them, "construction in progress" reflects the investment expenditure of construction and installation projects, equipment investment expenditure, deferred investment expenditure and other investment expenditure; "Other expenditures" refers to all expenditures except capital construction; "Assets delivered for use" reflects the actual total cost of all assets purchased and built at the end of the accounting period and delivered for use or carried forward after acceptance. According to this classification, the project schedule in the project financial report comprehensively reflects the use of project loans and domestic matching funds. The other category is the "approved appropriation" of project loans determined according to foreign loan project agreements, including civil engineering, equipment procurement, goods procurement, training and inspection, consulting services, etc. The "project loan withdrawal table" in the project financial report reflects the use of project loan funds according to this classification.
Both categories record and reflect project expenditures, which have their internal relations and differences due to different accounting scopes. ? During the audit, it is necessary to check whether the expenditure is used for the purpose and scope stipulated in the project agreement, whether the supporting documents are compliant and complete, and whether the accounting treatment is in line with the relevant accounting system. At the same time, it is necessary to verify the connection between the expenditure items caused by the two classifications. Focus on checking the compliance and authenticity of contracts and settlement procedures, whether there are illegal subcontracting projects, or increasing the settlement amount; The authenticity and compliance of engineering labor service expenditure, material cost, indirect cost and deferred investment, and whether there is any situation such as expanding the scope of expenditure, raising expenditure standards, falsely reporting expenditure, miscalculating, etc.; Compliance of delivery procedures of completed projects, compliance and correctness of bidding, procurement, acceptance and accounting treatment of equipment and materials. Violation of rules and regulations, such as changing the use of foreign capital without authorization, bribery and fraud in bidding and procurement, should be punished according to law. ?
2. Physical assets. A considerable part of the funds of foreign loan projects are occupied in physical assets, including: foreign aid materials, various fixed assets delivered to production units after completion and acceptance, purchased equipment, materials and equipment, and securities purchased for dispatching funds. During the audit, it is necessary to check whether the expenditure is true, whether the valuation is correct, whether the accounting treatment is in compliance, whether the accounts are consistent, and whether the collection, distribution and accounting management of losses are complete. Unauthorized transfer, exchange and sale of imported equipment and materials, illegal trading of securities and other illegal acts should be investigated and dealt with according to law.
3. Prepayments and receivables (payables). This kind of fund income and expenditure is mainly reflected in prepaying materials, project funds and large-scale equipment funds, interest receivable from domestic and foreign loans (payable), commitment fees, capital occupation fees and other receivables (payable). For this kind of funds, we must first check whether it is true and whether the expenditure documents are compliant and complete. It is necessary to check whether the calculation of accrued foreign loan interest and commitment fee is correct and whether the principal and interest repayment is timely. For units that are in arrears in repayment of principal and interest, it is necessary to find out the reasons and promote repayment. It is necessary to focus on investigating and dealing with illegal acts of using such current accounts to transfer, misappropriate project funds or adjust project construction costs. The bank account of foreign loan projects is the main tool for depositing, paying project funds and handling settlement. According to the currency, it can be divided into RMB accounts and foreign currency accounts, and the two types of accounts can be subdivided into general accounts and special accounts. Auditing and supervising project bank accounts is an important part of foreign loan project auditing. In particular, the special foreign currency accounts for loan projects of international financial organizations must be audited every year, and the audit opinions should be specifically expressed in the audit report. ?
The audit methods and contents of the project bank account are basically the same as those of the general bank account audit. There are some special requirements for the audit of special foreign exchange accounts for loan projects of international financial organizations, which mainly include the following aspects:
1. Review the soundness and effectiveness of the internal control system of the special account.
2. Verify the timeliness and accuracy of account opening funds, supplementary funds, interest income and other income allocated by international financial organizations.
3. Review the compliance of various expenditures, and check whether the expenditures are used for the purposes stipulated in the project agreement, whether the examination and approval procedures and expenditure certification documents are in compliance and integrity, and whether the reimbursement funds that should be allocated to lower-level project units are fully and timely allocated.
4. Verify whether the balance at the end of the year and the funds in transit are true and whether there is a cross-check relationship with the bank deposit balance in the project financial report. Audit institutions shall also audit the financial reports of the project units directly responsible for the repayment of foreign debts of foreign loan projects. Because the financial situation and operating results of such units directly affect the project benefits and solvency. The audit content should be carried out according to the financial revenue and expenditure audit requirements of the industry to which the project unit belongs. For example, for industrial and commercial enterprise project execution units, it shall be implemented according to the auditing standards of industrial and commercial enterprises; The implementation unit of a financial enterprise project shall implement it in accordance with the auditing standards for financial enterprises. Focus on reviewing the use of funds, assets, liabilities, gains and losses related to the income and expenditure of supporting funds for foreign loan and aid projects, as well as the economic benefits and solvency of the projects, and analyze and evaluate the financial status and solvency indicators.