Yangon is the capital of the Union of Myanmar, located near the mouth of Irrawaddy River, at the intersection of yangon river (also known as Laihe River) and Boshengtang River, 37 kilometers away from Andaman Sea. The gentle Yangon Mountain extends from the north to the urban area, and the east, south and west of the urban area are plains. Yangon, the largest city in Myanmar, governs 27 townships with a total urban area of about 352.86 square kilometers and a population of nearly 3 million.
Yangon was once a fishing village of Meng nationality (also called Deleng nationality) 2,500 years ago, and its name was Garaba. 1 1 Century is called Dagong (also called Daguang). The name comes from Sanskrit, which means "Sangang Village". It is said that there were three mountains here in ancient times. 1755 In May, the leader of the Burmese people, Yong Jiya, basically unified Myanmar and established the Kampong Dynasty. After Yong Jiya occupied Daguang, he boarded the Ruida Light Tower (now Yangon Tower) to worship, praying to eliminate the mutiny disaster and keep peace forever. Since then, Daguang has changed its name to Yangon, which means "the war has subsided". Yangon will soon become the largest commercial port in Myanmar, because it is close to the Yangon estuary and has a superior geographical position, which is extremely beneficial to the development of shipping. 1886 Myanmar became a British colony and Yangon became the administrative center of British rule. 1948 65438+1On October 4th, after Myanmar gained independence, Yangon was designated as the capital and became the political, economic and cultural center of the country.
Yangon is located in the middle of Irrawaddy River Delta, with flat terrain and fertile land. It is the most developed and affluent area in Myanmar. The Yijiang Delta and Xitang Valley near Yangon are the main rice producing areas, where rice production accounts for more than two-thirds of Myanmar's total rice production.
Yangon is the hub of Myanmar's land, sea and air transportation. Because it is located at the intersection of inland river and shipping, inland river shipping is developed. Yangon river is 37 kilometers long and has a wide water depth. There is a terminal canal connected to the main stream of Irrawaddy River in the west, and an Yinbo Xitang Canal connected to Xitang water system in the east, which constitutes the busiest inland shipping network in Myanmar with Yangon as the center. Yangon Port is the largest commercial port in China, which can handle 10,000 tons of ocean-going ships all the year round. The wharf starts from dining in the east and ends at Along in the west, with a total length of about 1 1km. It is the largest seaport in Myanmar. Yangon is also the intersection of national railways and highways, with 34 routes leading to major cities across the country. Minggallaton Airport is located at 2 1 km in the northern suburb. It is an important domestic and international airport and one of the best civil airports in Asia.
Yangon has a maritime climate. Although it is tropical, there is no sultry feeling. The annual average temperature difference is less than 8 degrees. It is sunny and rainy for half a year, and the climate is pleasant. The city has beautiful scenery and many Buddhist monuments, especially the magnificent Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon and the White Pagoda standing in Bandura Square.
The Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon is the earliest famous building in Yangon, and it is also a Buddhist shrine in the world. Burmese people call the Shwedagon Pagoda "the Great Ruiguang Pagoda". In Burmese, "Rui" means "gold" and "Daguang" is the ancient name of Yangon. This golden pagoda was built in 585 BC. According to legend, there was a famine in India. Two Burmese brothers, Kogada Putuo, brought a boat of rice to help. They came back from India and brought back eight hairs of the Buddha of Sakyamuni. With the help of the dynasty, they built a pagoda and hid the hair of the Buddha in the pagoda.
The Shwedagon Pagoda is built on the Dinggudala Hill at an altitude of 5 1 m in the north of Yangon. It was 8.3 meters high at first, and it has been built continuously since then. Now it is 1 12 meters high. This pagoda is made of brick, and its surface is covered with gold foil. The pagoda is shaped like a huge bell on the ground, with a circumference of 427 meters at the bottom. There are four gates, guarded by stone lions outside, with jade Buddha statues inside and stone ladders and elevators inside for tourists to visit the pagoda. The top of the tower is covered with a 5-meter-high 1.25-ton metal umbrella, and the top of the umbrella is a golden ball with a diameter of 27 cm. The surface of the ball is inlaid with more than 5000 diamonds and rubies. There are more than 1000 gold bells and more than 400 silver bells hanging on the eaves of the tower. The breeze is blowing, and the bells are melodious, like Yue Xian. Around the Shwedagon Pagoda, there are 68 small pagodas, similar in shape to the Shwedagon Pagoda, forming a forest of Shwedagon Pagoda.
In the northwest corner of the Shwedagon Pagoda, there is a huge bronze bell weighing 25 tons, which was cast in 1778 and is a precious cultural relic in Myanmar. 1824, after Britain occupied Myanmar, it attempted to transport this giant clock to India. When loading the ship, Myanmar deliberately sank the bell into the bottom of Yangon River, and the British side salvaged it many times, all in vain. Finally, the Burmese fished out the ancient clock and still put it near the Shwedagon Pagoda for people to admire. There are Yangon Zoo and Botanical Garden near Shwedagon Pagoda.
In the center of Yangon, there is a Bandura Square named after Mahabandura, a national hero of Myanmar, on which stands an elegant white Suri Pagoda. Surita, also known as White Pagoda or Little Golden Pagoda, was built more than 2,000 years ago and is about 47 meters high. Some relics of Sakyamuni Buddha are preserved in the tower. On the left side of Xiaojin Pagoda, stands an independence monument 45 meters high.
On the north bank of the "Great Lakes" near the square, there is also a floating restaurant with a double-headed and double-tailed conjoined bird shape, which is famous at home and abroad for its beautiful environment and novel shape. Miaosheng bird is a legendary god bird, which looks like a mandarin duck. It is said that its crow is extremely melodious, but it can only be heard in Elysium.
About 1 1 km to the north of Yangon, there stands the unique world peace tower. Built in 1952, this stupa is the latest stupa in Myanmar. The tower is hollow and has five entrances, each with a huge Buddha statue. There are 28 small Buddha statues on the cylindrical shrine in the tower.
Among the mountains in the east of Yangon, there is a unique and interesting Jiandiyou Pagoda. Surprisingly, this 4.6-meter-high stupa is not built directly on the ground or on the top of the mountain, but stands on a huge moving rock, and this rock, which looks like the head of a arhat and has a circumference of more than 15 meters, also stands still on the cliff of 1097 meters. It is said that as long as you push hard, the boulder and stupa on it will shake gently. This stupa is regarded as a stupa by Burmese. Every year from the beginning of February to the end of L, pilgrims from all over the country will hold a grand party here, which is very lively.
Yangon has superior natural conditions and abundant resources, and its export products mainly include rice, teak and precious stones. Gems and jade in Yangon enjoy a high reputation in the world, and the gem trade has become one of the main sources of foreign exchange in the country.