Second, the key to the success of neutral policy lies in the respect of neighboring countries for neutral policy. Therefore, although Switzerland was able to stay away from the war in the "Thirty Years' War" in Europe, it was still unavoidable to be occupied by the neutral policy in the Napoleonic Wars.
Third, Switzerland maintained a neutral policy during the two world wars. The key to its success lies in: on the one hand, implementing a strong armed neutrality policy of all the people, improving self-defense ability and deterring possible aggression; On the other hand, the establishment of the Red Cross to strengthen its contribution to the international community can win the international community's need and respect for its neutrality.
Fourth, Switzerland has adopted a unique "democracy". Its three pillars, namely "direct democracy" and "federalism" at home and "permanent neutrality" at abroad, are the products of adapting to Switzerland's special political and geographical environment, which not only makes people highly identify with the country and lays the foundation for its stability and prosperity, but also makes substantial contributions to the international community and ensures national security.
5. With the development of science and technology, the trend of regional integration of global society has gradually taken shape. In view of this situation, Switzerland has a tendency to abandon the traditional neutral policy. At present, I hope to join the European Union through legislation, which obviously challenges the value of neutrality policy in modern society.
Keywords: Switzerland, neutrality, * * * democracy
I. Introduction
Switzerland, a small country in the heart of Europe, has been ravaged by war in the turbulent power struggle on the European continent since it adopted the neutral policy in 15 15. However, due to its neutrality policy, Switzerland not only successfully escaped the catastrophe of two world wars in the past century, but also became a paradise in Europe through its neutrality policy, and became the envy and jealousy object of small countries suffering from war all over the world. How did Switzerland achieve this result? This paper attempts to discuss the reasons for the formation of Switzerland's neutrality policy, the geopolitical challenges of neighboring countries, whether Switzerland can continue to maintain the principle of neutrality in the contemporary trend of international reconciliation, and its enlightenment to China.
Second, the geopolitical environment of Switzerland.
I. Physical geography
field
Switzerland, like a flat leaf, is a country in the Alps, the backbone of Europe, with no coastline, with a total area of 465,438+0,288 square kilometers. Three fifths of Switzerland belongs to the Alps, which is the most magnificent part of the Alps. National average height 1, 350 meters? .
Location: Waterways and passes
The Swiss Confederation is located in the center of the European continent, bounded by the Rhine and Germany in the northeast, France in the northwest, Italy in the south and Austria in the east. Switzerland is located in the middle of the Alps, and the famous Godehardt Mountains are located in Switzerland. The Ross River, the Rhine River, the Daxin River, the Longhe River and other important European rivers all originate here, and are the most important centers in Switzerland geographically and militarily. The Rus and Tossing River basins pass through the famous San Godehardt Pass, forming a north-south route, which is a shortcut for German to Nantong, Switzerland and Italy. Throughout this north-south route, the Longhe River and the Rhine River are connected by railway, which is the main artery of east-west traffic in Switzerland. In the Jura Mountains in the northwest of Switzerland, there are also places where several valleys intersect, which are tunnels for railways and highways leading to France, and the international railway express from Paris to Rome passes through them? .
Although 75% of Switzerland's borders are natural mountains, the terrain is not closed. The main reason is that the continuity of mountains along the national border is often destroyed by lakes or wide valleys. Located in the key terrain of Central Europe, which is a traffic hub, and extending in all directions, Switzerland is in a contradictory situation of being both closed and open? . From the perspective of political geography, the weakest link of its national defense is located on the northern border with Germany, from Lake Constance to Balcer, and the border defense is wide open because there is no natural barrier.
resources
There are several coal mines in Switzerland, but they are remote and of poor quality, so they are useless in industry. Except for building stones and earthwork, other minerals are very scarce. Just because it is located in the high mountain area, it is rich in hydraulic resources and can be used for industrial power generation. Switzerland's arable land area is less than 20% of the total area, with poor climate and poor soil quality, which is not conducive to reclamation? .
Second, human geography.
the people
Switzerland has a population of about 6.7 million. Because of the characteristics of the terrain and being conquered by many races in the historical process, people's ethnic composition is complex. Of the population in China, over 70% use German, 20% use French, 6% use Italian, and 65,438+0% use Roman. German, French, Italian and Roman are listed as official languages in Switzerland. Although the four languages coexist, it does not hinder political unity.
government
Today's Swiss Federal Republic is based on the Constitution of 1848, and its basic constitutional spirit is manifested in its respect for member States and its guarantee of autonomy. Today's Federation consists of 26 autonomous prefectures and semi-autonomous prefectures. Each state enjoys administrative autonomy and political decision-making power, and each state has its own constitution and laws.
The separation of powers between the federal government and the state governments is clearly stipulated in the Constitution. The rights and tasks of the Federation are: maintaining domestic and international security; ? Advocating and supporting state laws; ? Maintain diplomatic relations with other countries. Others, such as customs, posts and telecommunications, financial policy and the military, are under the jurisdiction of the federal government.
Congress is divided into two houses, one is the National Assembly, representing the people; The first is the state legislature, which exercises federal legislative power on behalf of the States. The National Assembly has 200 seats and is directly elected by the people. The state legislature has two representatives from each state, and any law must be passed by both houses before it can take effect.
The Federal Parliament is the highest administrative body and consists of ministers from seven government departments. The term of office of each department is four years, and the president and vice president are elected from seven people for a term of 1 year. They are the chairmen of the Federal Parliament, and they have no special powers. The federal parliament adopts a resolution system? .
economy
Due to the small arable land, barren land and unfavorable agriculture in Switzerland, one third of the grain needed by the domestic people's livelihood must be imported. Although animal husbandry production is developed, meat must also be imported.
Due to the serious shortage of mineral resources, 90% of the raw materials needed by industry have to be imported, so it is impossible to manufacture and produce industrial products that require a lot of raw materials and are cheap. Switzerland has turned to producing high-value products. Due to the long-term stability of the country, it is conducive to cultivating people's tradition of making excellent products. Therefore, Switzerland is famous for making expensive clocks and watches, beautiful textiles, high-grade cotton cloth, exquisite lace, motors and ship engines.
Because Switzerland wants to import a lot of grain and industrial raw materials, although all its exquisite and precious products are sold abroad, its import value still exceeds 30% of its export value. Part of this trade surplus depends on foreign capital, mainly on developed tourism? .
With its industrious people and superb technology, Switzerland has created a high income of $26,000 per capita per year, ranking among the best in the world. Is it really an economic miracle? .
Third, political and geographical characteristics.
Due to the aforementioned characteristics of Swiss physical geography and human geography, in order to adapt to the high heterogeneity of the overall social structure and pursue the goal of equality and harmony among all ethnic groups in China, the Swiss government has gradually evolved into a "majority democracy" political form different from western countries and adopted a unique "consensus democracy" in Switzerland? . The three pillars of its founding, namely "direct democracy" and "federalism" at home and "permanent neutrality" at abroad, are the products of adapting to Switzerland's special political and geographical environment, which not only makes people highly identify with the country and lays the foundation for its stability and prosperity, but also makes substantial contributions to the international community and ensures its security.
Direct democracy
Is direct democracy in Switzerland based on "citizens' right to referendum"? And the people's "creative right"? Most importantly, its legislative procedure is very complicated and time-consuming, and its result is very uncertain. However, the greatest achievement of this system lies in maintaining the integrity of the Swiss democratic system, thus reducing the possibility of legislation being challenged by a referendum. The function of direct democracy in Switzerland is to make up for the shortcomings of representative politics, on the one hand, it can reduce the distortion of public opinion by representatives; On the other hand, people pay more attention to and respect the law, because they know that all laws are supported by most people? .
Federalism
The word "Federation" comes from Latin, which originally means Covenant or contract, and refers to a sacred and lasting Covenant between man and God. According to the Bible, in the 3rd century BC/Kloc-0, the Israelis first adopted the principle of "federalism" to build their political system, unite tribes through covenants, and safeguard democracy and unity. Therefore, the federal system is based on the Covenant signed by small countries, and the allies still maintain their independent status.
From 129 1, Switzerland formed a loosely-structured defense alliance from three forest countries, and gradually developed outward. In the meantime, after the end of the Thirty Years' War, European powers (France, Spain, Austria and Sweden) signed the Peace of Witfaria in 1868, recognizing Switzerland as an independent country, and Switzerland has maintained the confederacy system since then. Although Switzerland was captured by Napoleon's army in 1798 and established a centralized government, with the end of Napoleon's era, Switzerland returned to a loose confederacy state. 1847 after the civil war of religious separation, in order to achieve the power balance between the state and the Federation, States began to draft new constitutions in 1848. This constitution is the federal constitution used in Switzerland today.
Swiss federalism has the following three characteristics: in a highly heterogeneous society, all ethnic groups and different communities are guaranteed power. ? Smaller states have more seats in the federal parliament than their proportion in the total population of the country, which means that they have equal representation in the federal conference regardless of the number of federal parliamentarians. ? Use the constitutional "compulsory referendum" mechanism to give small countries potential veto power? . Through these three characteristics, Swiss federalism has been highly recognized by all States, which has consolidated the foundation of national constitutional unity and made the country closely integrated.
Always remain neutral
Neutrality is defined in international law as "the impartial attitude adopted by a third country towards a belligerent country, which is recognized by the belligerent country, and both sides abide by the rights and obligations derived from this attitude"? . Declaring neutrality is a foreign policy adopted by small countries to avoid getting involved in international disputes, which can be divided into temporary neutrality and permanent neutrality.
Temporary neutrality refers to a country's policy of voluntarily staying out during the war and adopting a fair attitude towards the warring parties. However, the state can declare the termination of neutrality at any time, which only exists in war.
Permanent neutrality means that a country's neighboring countries guarantee their national independence and territorial integrity by treaty, provided that they not only cannot intervene in military conflicts of other countries in wartime, but also strictly abide by the principle of neutrality; In peacetime, it is also forbidden to make any commitments that affect its neutral status.
Switzerland is located in the heart of Europe, and its position as the transportation hub of the European continent makes Switzerland the core of conflicts among countries, and the idea of maintaining neutrality began with the failure of the war against France in 15 15. However, neutrality is not determined by a country's subjective will. Only when neighboring countries agree and sign through internationally recognized treaties can we gain the trust of all countries on the basis of international balance, neutrality of neutral countries and verification of facts in a long war. Switzerland's policy of permanent neutrality was obtained through more than 400 years of persistence and practice. Although it was still inevitably affected by the war and even annexed by Napoleon's army, Switzerland's tradition of neutrality and its substantial contribution to international peace in the war made neighboring countries realize the contribution and importance of a permanently neutral Switzerland to the international community and are willing to respect its neutrality. Therefore, after the Battle of Waterloo in 18 14, European countries recognized Switzerland as a permanent neutral country at the Vienna Conference and formally recognized Switzerland's traditional diplomatic system internationally. After the First World War, the London Declaration confirmed that Switzerland was permanently neutral and did not need to participate in any military sanctions to join the League of Nations. Through its contribution to peace, Switzerland has become a recognized permanent neutral country, and its neutral status has been established.
Therefore, whether Switzerland can maintain the tradition of neutrality forever depends not only on its own cognition and persistence, but also on international interaction.
The arduous course of participation and the increasing neutrality of Switzerland
Switzerland has remained neutral for more than 400 years, and its sweet fruit is highly praised by all countries in the world. However, the process of striving for neutrality is arduous and tortuous. Switzerland's insistence on neutrality and selfless dedication is the key to its success.
I. Early People's Republic of China (PRC): (1291-1515)
/kloc-At the beginning of the third century, with the opening of the St. Gotha Pass in the middle of the Alps, the trade between North and South Europe became increasingly prosperous, and the commercial and strategic position of central Switzerland became increasingly important. At that time, the Habsburg family, the overlord of Europe, coveted this area even more. For this reason, Uri and Schwiertz, the forest states on the banks of Lake Lucerne in central Switzerland, successively bought charters of autonomous prefectures from the holy Roman emperor Frederick II to get rid of the control of the Habsburg family. 1292, the two countries joined hands with Unterealden and other three countries, and signed an agreement in Luteli grassland in August 1 2002, stipulating that the three countries would join hands to resist foreign aggression in case of external threats, which laid the foundation for today's Switzerland.
Later, after winning two wars against the Habsburg family in 1386 and 1388, not only did the states participating in the alliance expand to eight states, but the brave and skillful Swiss mountain state Coalition forces also actively expanded their forces outward. 1499, Switzerland defeated the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I and signed the Basel Treaty, which made Switzerland gain de facto independence.
Although many years of battles have demonstrated the courage and skills of the Swiss army, successive wars of foreign expansion have also exhausted Switzerland's national strength, and the Allies have also fallen into a crisis of disintegration because of the problem of sharing stolen goods.
Second,/kloc-the "Thirty Years' War" in the 7th century: (15 15- 1648)
The invincible Swiss army finally tasted defeat in the 15 15 battle with Marig nano of France, which made Switzerland realize that its national strength was not suitable for imitating the militaristic behavior of the great powers, and the idea of neutrality gradually sprouted? .
/kloc-At the beginning of the 6th century, a religious war broke out in Switzerland, which led to a century-long civil strife in the country. /kloc-Although there was no civil war in Switzerland at the beginning of the 0/7th century, it was still in a state of disintegration. At this time, the "Thirty Years' War" broke out in Europe, and the whole of Europe fell into a melee. Switzerland declared its neutrality, and in the second year after the end of the Thirty Years' War (1648), Europe. In the peace treaty, Switzerland was officially recognized as an independent confederation. After that, Switzerland announced a permanent "neutrality policy" and remained neutral in European affairs.
Three. French occupation period: (1798- 18 14)
During the century and a half from the end of the Thirty Years' War to the French Revolution, the situation in Switzerland was relatively stable. The adoption of neutral policy makes Switzerland like a paradise, attracting refugees from all over Europe who can't stand the war. When Europe was caught in a bloody battle because of the religious war, more than 65438+100000 Calvinists poured into Switzerland. Many of them are skilled craftsmen, especially the introduction of superb clock manufacturing technology, which makes Switzerland's precision industry advance by leaps and bounds. When the French Revolution broke out, a large number of French nobles took refuge in Switzerland with huge sums of money, which contributed to the development of Swiss financial industry. Today, Switzerland's watchmaking industry and financial industry have become the two pillars of the Swiss economy, which can be said to be the credit of the neutral policy? .
1879 The French Revolution broke out. At first, Switzerland still adhered to the traditional neutral policy. However, after the French army entered Switzerland in 1798 and occupied the whole of Switzerland, it reorganized Switzerland according to the will of the French and established the "Hervey Republic", which adopted a centralized government form. Because the new Republic did not conform to the political tradition of Switzerland for hundreds of years, various problems arose. 1803, Napoleon called representatives of various states to Paris, put forward a "mediation decree", and agreed to restore the previous federalism, thus restoring calm in Switzerland's internal affairs.
With Napoleon's repeated defeats in European battlefields, Switzerland convened the Federal Parliament in Zurich in 18 13 and issued a statement of armed neutrality. Federal troops deployed troops on the Rhine River on the northern edge, and withdrew from Napoleon's mainland blockade system. After defeating Napoleon, the European Allied Forces held a peace conference in Vienna in 18 14, and set up a special committee to handle Swiss affairs, recognizing Switzerland as a permanent neutral country and safeguarding its territorial integrity. Switzerland's traditional neutral foreign policy has once again gained international recognition.
Four. Before World War I: (1814-1914)
1848, 25 days after the civil war, in September, the confederate parliament passed a new constitution, and Switzerland became a federal country. The new constitution strengthens the unity and unity of Switzerland. 1863, the International Committee of the Red Cross was established in Geneva, Switzerland, and the Geneva Convention was concluded the following year. The signatory countries recognize that the Red Cross is an auxiliary service department of the army, and the injured people receive services regardless of their nationality. By 1868, all European countries have signed the convention, and Switzerland's international contribution has made its neutral position more stable.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) League of Nations period: (19 14- 1939)
19 14 when the first world war broke out, Switzerland was in danger of being involved in the war, but because of its strict neutrality, it survived the war and became a refuge for war victims. The concrete actions of the International Red Cross in Geneva not only helped a large number of refugees, but also became the savior of the battlefield, healed the wounds of war for mankind and won universal praise, so Switzerland's international status became more stable.
After World War I, the newly established League of Nations invited Switzerland to join, recognized Switzerland's permanent neutrality, and promised not to carry out any military action on Swiss territory. These are the contributions that Switzerland not only remained neutral during the war, but also actively participated in the rescue of the wounded and peace negotiations. Make the international community more respectful of its neutral position and think that maintaining Switzerland's neutrality is most beneficial to the warring parties, and Switzerland's neutrality can be stable.
Intransitive verbs after World War II: 1939-
Before the outbreak of World War II, Switzerland chose to withdraw from the League of Nations in order to remain neutral. After the outbreak of World War II, Switzerland adhered to the policy of neutrality. Although surrounded by the Axis countries, during which the federal army mobilized to defend its territory, the country was basically unaffected. During the war, Switzerland once again became a war rescue center, providing assistance to the victims of belligerent countries suffering from war. The Swiss flag with a white cross on a red background becomes a symbol of peace and neutrality? .
Four. Geopolitical conditions for Switzerland to remain neutral
The early sages since the founding of Switzerland clearly realized from the reality of Swiss political geography that Switzerland lacked basic national strength, especially the importance of topography, and became a battleground for military strategists. Only by maintaining absolute neutrality can we gain recognition and respect in international geopolitics and enjoy peace. The success of Switzerland's neutrality policy, in addition to the subjective wise choice and persistence of Swiss leaders and nationals, is also attributed to the following two objective conditions:
First, strong armed neutrality.
Switzerland has been able to maintain its centuries-long tradition of neutrality because its government and citizens deeply understand that the neutrality of a country should be respected internationally, and this respect depends not only on the goodwill of other countries or the guarantee of treaties, but also on building the deterrent capacity of a strong army? .
Due to the limited number of its own nationals, Switzerland implements a militia system and all the people are soldiers. All young men over the age of 20 (including young women who volunteer to serve) must join the army for four months and receive basic military training courses. After graduation, I returned to my hometown with my own combat equipment, incorporated into my hometown civil defense organization, and became a member of my hometown defense operations. Attend training once a year for three weeks until you are 50 years old. At ordinary times, once the national mobilization order is issued, Swiss soldiers can mobilize 654.38+00000 people within 72 hours. Therefore, although Switzerland does not have a standing army, once mobilized, the whole country will be armed, and its military strength should not be underestimated. Due to the close integration of Switzerland's national defense with the people, according to European opinion polls, the Swiss people are far more concerned about national defense affairs than people in other parts of Europe.
Switzerland's defense industry, based on its precision industry, not only meets the needs of national defense, but also earns a lot of foreign exchange for Switzerland because of its excellent quality. There are six military manufacturing centers in Switzerland, whose products cover airplanes, anti-aircraft missiles, armored vehicles, precision fire control equipment, communication equipment, light weapons and ammunition of various calibers? . Relying on Switzerland's geographical characteristics, the national militia policy, sophisticated weapons and equipment production and the people's firm support for the neutral policy, Switzerland has demonstrated its determination and strength to defend its territory, so that anyone who covets Swiss territory must seriously consider the price that must be paid, thus deterring possible intruders.
In the second world war, faced with the threat of Hitler's fighter planes, Switzerland mobilized 500,000 troops twice in a few hours? , quickly entered the battle position, showing strong defensive capabilities, and finally Nazi Germany gave up its intention to invade because of the danger of fighting on two fronts. It can be proved that although Switzerland has an internationally signed neutral treaty, it is still a strong national defense strength that ultimately protects Swiss national security, which proves that the Swiss people's understanding of national security is correct.
Nicolas Machiavelli once said, "Switzerland will always be free, because they will always be armed"? It can be used as the best annotation of Swiss armed neutrality.
Second, enhance their contribution to the international community.
Switzerland is located in the middle of the European continent. Although the territory is densely covered with mountains, it is by no means remote and isolated. Switzerland is not only the intersection of the east-west and north-south traffic arteries in Europe, but also the center of air transshipment. So Switzerland is a battleground for traditional military strategists. In the history of European national migration, Switzerland has been conquered by foreign nationalities many times. In addition to its national defense strength, Switzerland has maintained its neutral position among big countries for hundreds of years. The most important thing is to enhance its contribution to the international community and balance the geographical forces of neighboring big countries in Switzerland.
In the "Thirty Years' War" caused by the Reformation in Europe in the early/kloc-7th century, Switzerland not only stayed away from the war because of its neutrality, but also became a refuge for European refugees and a haven for European aristocratic funds, which played an important role in the post-war reconstruction of Europe. Therefore, it has been generally affirmed by the belligerents, and the Peace of Sifaria signed by European countries after the war 1648 will recognize Switzerland's independent and neutral status.
The International Committee of the Red Cross was established in Geneva, Switzerland on 1863. With the help of the Red Cross, all warring parties were treated equally, which further enhanced Switzerland's international reputation and value. By 1868, all European countries have signed the convention, and Switzerland's international contribution has made its neutral position more stable.
During the First World War, Switzerland gave full play to China's role of buffering and mediating among belligerents, especially the Geneva International Red Cross, which played a great role in rescuing the wounded, assisting refugees and dealing with missing and captured people, and was deeply recognized by the international community, making Switzerland's international status even more important. The League of Nations established after the war recognized Switzerland's permanent neutrality and invited Switzerland to join the League of Nations, which represented the affirmation of Switzerland as a neutral country. Any country invading Switzerland is an open enemy of the international community.
Before the outbreak of World War II, Switzerland announced its withdrawal from the League of Nations in order to maintain its detached status, and remained neutral during the war, once again becoming an international disaster relief center. Switzerland, surrounded by the deep axis countries, is as tyrannical as Hitler because of its contribution to the world, and is unwilling to invade Switzerland at the risk of making an international fool of itself, which fully shows that Switzerland has won its neutral position and ensured its national security by enhancing its international utilization value.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) challenges the principle of neutrality
The neutrality policy of more than 400 years is not only a tool of Swiss foreign policy, but also closely integrated with the life of Swiss people. Having witnessed the competition between countries in continental Europe for centuries, the Swiss on the sidelines are convinced that ensuring national security with strong armed neutrality is far more effective than the guarantee of international treaties. Therefore, for most Swiss residents, neutrality represents the following four meanings:
First of all, neutrality is the guarantee of national sovereignty and independence, which is Switzerland's national orientation.
Second, Switzerland is a highly heterogeneous country with different linguistic, religious and cultural backgrounds. It is a country that is United by "knowing democracy", so neutrality has become the main mechanism to prevent national division.
Third, maintaining neutrality is conducive to Switzerland's national interests and economic development.
4. Switzerland can resolve international disputes and conflicts through its neutral status, thus preventing the emergence of political mechanisms and actions that are not conducive to the stability of Europe or the world? .
However, with the end of World War I, the geopolitical "balance of power" among countries in the whole19th century, as a means to check and balance the rise of great powers to ensure national security, is due to the "collective security" system advocated by American President Wilson? , has gradually jumped to the center of the world stage, greatly replacing the traditional balance of power in Europe. Therefore, the role of neutral countries as traditional mediators in the international community is no longer important.
After the Second World War, Swiss voters still adhered to the policy of neutrality and refused to participate in the United Nations, which once aroused doubts from the international community. In the face of the new international situation, Switzerland has adopted a more cooperative and open policy than before, and has made contributions to the international community so as not to leave the international community with the impression of being alone.
Since 1980s, there has been a wave of integration in Europe, and the EU actively advocates political integration and security cooperation. The neutral countries in Central Europe and Northern Europe were impacted by this wave, and some countries began to review their neutral policies in the European political ecology. The Swiss government has made great efforts to join the European Economic Area through a referendum, but199265438+the referendum on February 6, Obviously, Switzerland's traditional neutral position is facing unprecedented challenges.
The Swiss government pointed out in the research report "Swiss foreign policy in transition-tempering Swiss neutrality" released in March 1992 that "neutrality is only a diplomatic tool for Switzerland to pursue national independence and self-determination"? Obviously, the nature of the neutrality policy determined by the Swiss government is not completely permanent neutrality, but appropriate adjustment according to national interests. As for the direction and speed of adjustment, it is a strict test of the wisdom of the Swiss people.
Ground conclusion
Switzerland's neutral stance in its foreign policy over the past 400 years has won Switzerland peace and stability for nearly 200 years. Switzerland's success is not accidental or wishful thinking. On the one hand, it deterred possible invaders through powerful armed neutrality, on the other hand, it actively played the role of a neutral country in the war, making positive contributions to international peace and post-war demobilization, making the international community willing to sign a post-war treaty to recognize Switzerland's neutral status based on the value of neutrality, and ensuring Switzerland's national security.
While admiring the peace and stability enjoyed by Switzerland, we can't forget that Switzerland's neutrality was achieved after 400 years of hard work and was conquered and ruled by Napoleon. Swiss people with as many as four languages have created a successful example of a federal government based on "knowing democracy" and set the best example for the ultimate peaceful integration of human society.
At this stage, under the threat of "one China" from China, China, located in Taiwan Province Province, should imitate Switzerland's powerful armed forces to ensure our national defense security, instead of boasting about imitating Switzerland's neutrality? ; Instead of pursuing the independence of Taiwan Province Province in order to resist China's "One China", why not look at the trend that Europe is still moving towards integration after a hundred years of chaos? Even the Swiss government, an old neutral country, has changed its position and actively persuaded its citizens to join the European Union, which shows that the value of neutrality of small countries is gone.
From the process of Switzerland's struggle for national security, we can see that it is difficult and sad for a small country to survive in a geopolitical power in the international community, and behind Switzerland's success in maintaining neutrality, how many countries have been destroyed because neutrality is not respected. A successful man like Switzerland was bound to be in a precarious position in the first two centuries of neutrality and was finally occupied by Napoleon. Because of its special political and geographical environment, Switzerland has geopolitical reasons for choosing neutrality, otherwise the country will not be able to unite and continue to exist. Switzerland's success is not only the result of its national unity and hard struggle, but also its fruitful achievements in correctly grasping the geopolitical pulse and adopting the most appropriate geopolitical strategy-maintaining neutrality.
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