According to different sources and uses, foreign exchange can be divided into trade foreign exchange, non-trade foreign exchange and financial foreign exchange.
Trade foreign exchange, also known as physical trade foreign exchange, refers to foreign exchange derived or used in import and export trade, that is, international payment means formed by international commodity circulation.
Different from trade foreign exchange and non-trade foreign exchange, financial foreign exchange belongs to a kind of financial asset foreign exchange, such as inter-bank trading foreign exchange, which is neither derived from tangible trade nor intangible trade, nor used for tangible trade, but used for the management and manipulation of various currency positions.
Capital transfer between countries should also take the form of money. Whether it is indirect investment or direct investment, financial assets flowing between countries have been formed, especially the large number of international hot money, frequent transactions and far-reaching influence, which cannot but attract special attention from relevant parties.
Trade foreign exchange, non-trade foreign exchange and financial foreign exchange are all foreign exchange in essence, and there is no insurmountable gap between them, but they are often transformed into each other.
Payment of foreign exchange under trade refers to the payment of foreign exchange after the actual goods enter the customs, that is to say, it must be formally declared at the customs, so that the bank can pay foreign exchange according to the corresponding contract invoice, and then it needs to go to the customs to write off the import payment of foreign exchange with the SAFE.
Non-trade foreign exchange refers to foreign exchange that incurred expenses and income due to non-trade transactions, including private foreign exchange, tourism foreign exchange, remittances, funds from overseas institutions and foreign business expenses of transportation departments.
Nowadays, the trend of economic globalization is becoming more and more obvious, and the proportion of non-trade foreign exchange income in some countries is increasing. For example, in some countries, people can obtain non-trade foreign exchange income and will implement measures such as foreign exchange retention system.
Trade foreign exchange, financial foreign exchange and trade foreign exchange are essentially foreign exchange, and there is no "obstacle" between them, and they can be transformed into each other.
In addition, everything needs rules and regulations, which will last longer. Non-trade foreign exchange is no exception, and it also needs non-trade foreign exchange management to restrain it. The so-called non-trade foreign exchange management is mainly to manage non-trade foreign exchange receipts and payments.
Its main contents include: foreign exchange management of contracted labor services, foreign exchange management of tourism, foreign exchange management of overseas free donations, foreign exchange management of transportation, foreign exchange management of foreign institutions in China, foreign exchange entry and exit management and other non-trade departments.