(1) Definition of trade policy. Trade policy refers to the government rules and regulations related to international trade, and the main tools are tariffs, quotas, foreign exchange control, non-tariff barriers and so on.

(2) tariffs. Tariff refers to the tax levied when goods pass through the customs zone of a country. Tariff is a kind of tax generally levied by all countries in the world. Tariffs can usually be divided into ad valorem tax, specific tax and mixed tax.

(3) quotas. Quota refers to the government's control over the import or export of some sensitive commodities in a certain period of time, aiming at regulating the balance of payments and protecting domestic industrial and agricultural production. It is a non-tariff barrier measure. Quotas can be divided into import quotas and export quotas.

(4) foreign exchange control. The most thorough way to restrict import and export trade is foreign exchange control. Foreign exchange control means that the government monopolizes all foreign exchange transactions. When foreign exchange is in short supply, the government arranges the use of foreign exchange in order of importance.

(5) Non-tariff barriers. Non-tariff barriers are the general name of all administrative measures that directly or indirectly restrict the import of foreign goods except tariffs in international trade. There are many forms of non-tariff barriers, such as customs clearance materials, origin marks, product pricing methods and so on.

This topic examines the understanding of five basic trade policies, and readers should pay attention to mastering the basic knowledge.