Kuwait (Kuwait City), Saudi Arabia (Riyadh), Yemen (Sana 'a), Oman (Muscat), United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi) and Qatar (Doha).
Bahrain (Manama), Georgia (Tbilisi), Afghanistan (Kabul), Armenia (Yerevan), Azerbaijan (Baku).
1, Iran
Islamic Republic of Iran (English: Islamic Republic of Iran, Persian:? ), referred to as Iran. Located in West Asia, it belongs to the Middle East countries. The capital is Tehran.
It borders Pakistan and Afghanistan in the east, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Armenia in the northwest and Turkey and Iraq in the west. The north-central part is close to the Caspian Sea, and the south is close to the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea. Its land area is about 1648 195 square kilometers, ranking 18 in the world.
Iran is an ancient civilization. In 550 BC, the Persian Empire, the first empire in the history of the world, was established, which spanned Europe, Asia and Africa. The rest empire was founded in 247 BC, and was invaded by different nationalities after the 7th century.
/kloc-In the early 8th century, Nader Shah overthrew foreign rule and established the Afshar dynasty. British and Russian troops have been invading since the late19th century. Pahlavi dynasty was founded in 1925. The Republic of China was founded in 1979. Implement the system of integrating politics with religion.
Iran is a founding member of the United Nations and a member of the Non-Aligned Movement and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
Iran is one of the major economies in Asia with strong economic strength. Iran's economy is dominated by oil exploitation, and it is a world oil and gas power. It is located in the Middle East, where oil and natural gas are the richest in the world, and oil export is the lifeblood of the economy.
Oil production capacity and oil export volume rank fourth and second in the world respectively, and it is a member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Iran has developed petrochemical, steel and automobile industries, as well as electronics, nuclear industry and computer software and hardware industries.
20 15, 14 On July 4th, after years of arduous negotiations, the final stage of negotiations on the Iranian nuclear issue finally reached a historic comprehensive agreement. Iran promised never to seek nuclear weapons and praised the Iranian nuclear agreement as a "historic moment."
2. Turkey
The Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti in Turkish, English: The Republic of Turkey), referred to as Turkey for short, is a country across Europe and Asia. The capital is Ankara.
It borders the Black Sea in the north, the Mediterranean Sea in the south, Syria and Iraq in the southeast, the Aegean Sea in the west, Greece and Bulgaria in the east, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran in the east. Turkey's geographical location and geopolitical strategic significance are extremely important, and it is a crossroads connecting Europe and Asia.
Turks are mainly European-Mediterranean, and Osman I established the Ottoman Empire in 1299. 1453 On May 29th, Muhammad Ⅱ captured Constantinople and destroyed the Byzantine Empire. From16th century to17th century, especially during the reign of Suleiman I, it reached its peak, and the ruling area spanned three continents: Europe, Asia and Africa.
Therefore, Sultan, the monarch of the Ottoman Empire, regarded himself as the master of the world, and Turkey inherited the culture of the Eastern Roman Empire and Islamic culture, where eastern and western civilizations merged. /kloc-the national strength began to decline in the 0/9th century.
19 14 In August, the Ottoman Empire joined the Allies in World War I and was defeated in 19 18. Losing a large territory, the empire fell apart. 19 19, Turkey repelled foreign invasion, 1923129 October, Turkey was founded.
Turkey, which spans Asia and Europe, adopts the European model in the political, economic and cultural fields and is a candidate for the European Union. According to the Constitution, Turkey is a country with democracy, separation of church and state and rule of law. The focus of Turkey's diplomacy is on the West, strengthening its relations with European countries while maintaining its traditional strategic partnership with the United States.
Turkey is a member of NATO, a founding member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and a member of the G20. With a solid industrial base, it is one of the emerging economies in the world and one of the fastest developing countries in the world.
3. Cyprus
Republic of Cyprus (Greek: κ? προ? ; Turkish: k br? S), Cyprus for short, is an island country located at the junction of Europe and Asia.
Located in the eastern Mediterranean with an area of 925 1 km2. Cyprus belongs to Asia geographically, but it is also a part of Europe culturally and politically. The capital is Nicosia.
It is known that human activities in Cyprus can be traced back to BC 10000, and the site of this period is Joy Rukotia, a well-preserved Neolithic building complex.
Cyprus is located at the crossroads where the Mediterranean Sea enters West Asia. The ancient Greeks moved to the island in BC 1500. It was later ruled by Assyria, ancient Egypt, Persia, ancient Rome and Byzantium.
In 333 BC, Alexander the Great took over the island from the Persians. 157 1 was ruled by the Ottoman Empire. 1878 was ceded to Britain, and 1925 officially became a British colony. 1960 August 16 declared independence and became a member of the Commonwealth the following year.
After the independence of Cyprus, sporadic conflicts between the main ethnic Greeks and the minority Turks continued until a serious ethnic bloody conflict broke out in 1974. Turks living mainly in the northern part of the island established another regime in northern Cyprus with the intervention and support of Turkey.
Therefore, the legitimate sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus belongs to the whole island of Cyprus and its surrounding waters (except for a small part of the area allocated to Britain as a military base by treaty), but in fact, the effective ruling area is only the south, accounting for 63% of the total island area. As a political entity, Northern Cyprus is only recognized by Turkey at present.
4. Syria
Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic:; English: Syrian Arab Republic; ; French: Syrian Arab Republic, Syria for short.
Located in the west of Asia, on the east bank of the Mediterranean Sea, the total land area (including the Golan Heights) is 185 180 square kilometers. It borders Turkey in the north, Iraq in the east, Jordan in the south, Lebanon and Israel in the southwest, and Cyprus across the Mediterranean Sea in the west, with Damascus as its capital.
Syria existed as a primitive city-state in 3000 BC. Since the 8th century BC, it has been ruled by Assyrian Empire, Macedonian Empire, Roman Empire, Arabian Empire, European Crusaders, Mamluk Dynasty in Egypt and Ottoman Empire.
After World War I, it became a French mandated territory. 1April 946 17 gained independence. The Arab Baath Socialist Party led by the Assad family has been in power since 1963. Since 20 1 1, a protracted conflict has broken out between the Syrian government and the Syrian opposition.
Syria is a middle-income country, located in the middle of the Middle East, with rich oil and natural gas reserves, ranking first in the world. Its economic sources are mainly agriculture, petroleum, processing industry and tourism. Oil is facing the situation of exhaustion, the population is growing too fast and the unemployment rate is rising gradually.
5. Lebanon
Lebanese Republic (Arabic:; English: Republic of Lebanon), referred to as Lebanon. It is located on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea in southwest Asia, bordering Syria in the east and north, Israel in the south (the border is undetermined) and the Mediterranean Sea in the west. It is customarily called the Middle East country. The capital is Beirut.
It was a part of Phoenicia in 2000 BC. Later it was ruled by Egypt, Assyria, Babylon, Persia and Rome. 7-/kloc-merged into the Arab empire in the 0/6th century. 15 17 was occupied by the Ottoman Empire. After World War I, it became the mandated territory of France.
1943165438+1independence on October 22nd. The civil war broke out in 1975 and lasted for nearly 15 years, which seriously damaged the economic development of Lebanon. Recently, there have been many small-scale party conflicts in Lebanon, and the relationship between Israel and Syria is tense.
Lebanon is one of the most westernized countries in the Middle East, which is related to its close history with Christianity. Lebanon also has the earliest cities and world heritage. These civilized monuments are the oldest, with a history of more than 5000 years, so they are quite famous in tourism. The main economic sources are banking and tourism, accounting for 65% of Lebanon's GDP.
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