Foreign exchange control is divided into quantity control and cost control. The former means that the State Administration of Foreign Exchange directly restricts and allocates the volume of foreign exchange transactions, and achieves the purpose of restricting exports by controlling the total amount of foreign exchange; The latter means that the State Administration of Foreign Exchange implements a multiple exchange rate system for foreign exchange transactions, and uses the differences in foreign exchange transaction costs to adjust the structure of imported goods. Foreign exchange control refers to any form of intervention by the government or the central bank in foreign exchange holding, foreign trade or capital flow to avoid excessive expansion of the national money supply or depletion of foreign exchange reserves.
There are three main ways of foreign exchange control: 1, quantitative foreign exchange control, cost foreign exchange control and mixed foreign exchange control.
Generally, certain controls are taken on the receipts and payments of trade foreign exchange, non-trade foreign exchange, capital import and export, bank account deposits and exchange rates. Generally speaking, the foreign exchange control areas are limited to their own countries, but for a long time, the foreign exchange control areas of some suzerain countries are limited to their currency areas, such as the pound area and the franc area, where they have the basic freedom to handle foreign exchange receipts and payments and international settlement, while foreign exchange control is carried out outside the currency area.
Basic ways of foreign exchange management:
1. Control of export foreign exchange income
In export foreign exchange control, the most stringent requirement is that exporters must sell all foreign exchange income to designated banks at the official exchange rate. When applying for an export license, the exporter shall fill in the price, quantity, settlement currency, payment method and payment term of the exported goods and submit the letter of credit.
Two. Foreign exchange import control
The control of imported foreign exchange usually shows that importers can only buy a certain amount of foreign exchange at designated banks approved by various authorities. The foreign exchange bureau decides whether to approve the importer's application for foreign exchange purchase according to the import license. In some countries, the procedure of approving foreign exchange imports is carried out at the same time as issuing import licenses.
Three. Non-trade foreign exchange control
Non-trade foreign exchange involves all kinds of foreign exchange receipts and payments except trade receipts and payments and capital input and output. The control of non-trade foreign exchange income is similar to the control of export foreign exchange income, that is, it is stipulated that the relevant units or individuals must sell all or part of foreign exchange income and expenditure to designated banks at the official exchange rate. In order to encourage people to earn non-trade foreign exchange income, the government may implement some other measures, such as the implementation of the foreign exchange retention system, allowing residents to open foreign exchange accounts in designated foreign exchange banks for personal labor income and brought in funds, and exempt from interest income tax.
Four. Foreign exchange control of capital input
The measures taken by developed countries to restrict capital input are usually aimed at stabilizing financial markets and exchange rates and avoiding excessive international reserves and inflation caused by capital inflows. The measures they take include: setting up higher deposit reserve for banks to absorb non-resident deposits; Do not pay interest or reciprocal interest on non-resident deposits; Restrict non-residents from buying the country's securities, etc.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) foreign exchange control of capital export
Developed countries generally adopt policies to encourage capital export, but they will also adopt some policies to restrict capital export in certain periods, such as when facing a serious balance of payments deficit. The main measures include: stipulating the maximum amount of foreign loans of banks; Countries and departments that restrict enterprises' foreign investment; Levy interest balance tax on residents' overseas investment.
Intransitive verbs control the import and export of gold and cash.
Countries that implement foreign exchange control generally prohibit individuals and enterprises from carrying, consigning or mailing gold, platinum and silver out of the country, or limit the number of them leaving the country. For the import of domestic cash, countries that implement foreign exchange control often implement a registration system, set import quotas, and require them to be used for designated purposes. The cash export of this country will be examined and approved by the foreign exchange administration and the corresponding limit will be set. Countries that do not allow free convertibility of currencies prohibit the export of cash.
Seven: Complex exchange rate system
In fact, foreign exchange price control will inevitably form various complicated exchange rate systems. Complex exchange rate system refers to the existence of two or more exchange rates between one country's currency and other countries' currencies due to rules and regulations and government actions.
FX 168 financial network foreign exchange gold information platform, as well as foreign exchange technical analysis and foreign exchange market trends.