1. The primary goal is to maintain monetary stability and ensure that the inflation rate is within a reasonable range.

2. Guide economic development by implementing monetary policy and regulating financial markets.

3. Take necessary measures to maintain financial stability and market order in the event of financial crisis or systemic risk.

4. Supervise commercial banks and other financial institutions to ensure their compliance and provide them with loans and liquidity support.

5. By intervening in the foreign exchange market, maintain the national foreign exchange reserves, balance the international payments and stabilize the exchange rate.

6. Cooperate with the government to promote economic growth and social development.

Lender of last resort refers to the central bank as the lender of last resort in the financial system, which has the following characteristics:

1. Independence and autonomy: When formulating monetary policies and executing loans, the central bank should be independent of the intervention of the government or other interest groups and maintain its autonomy.

2. Stability: The central bank should pay attention to macroeconomic stability and maintain economic stability by controlling the money supply and adjusting interest rates.

3. Ability to take risks: The central bank can provide loans and liquidity support to financial institutions such as commercial banks and bear certain risks.

4. Standardizing functions: The central bank supervises and manages commercial banks and other financial institutions to promote the healthy development of financial markets.

5. International coordination: The central bank also needs to cooperate and coordinate with the central banks of other countries to maintain international financial stability under the background of globalization.