1. The principle of non-discrimination, tariff protection and concession of tariff, the principle of prohibiting the use of import quantity restrictions, the principle of prohibiting dumping and restricting export subsidies. Among them, the non-discrimination principle is the most important. It emphasizes that all parties trade basically without discrimination, and there is no differential treatment in their trade relations, that is, unconditional multilateral MFN treatment is implemented.

2. Market access principle. The market access required by the WTO system is guaranteed, predictable and expanding. The so-called guaranteed, predictable and expanding market access means emphasizing that market access information must be open, continuous and binding. The commitment of WTO members to provide market access by lowering tariffs and reducing non-tariff barriers must be fulfilled according to the schedule of concessions.

3. The principle of reciprocity of WTO is mainly embodied in the following forms. First, through multilateral trade negotiations, reduce tariffs or non-tariff measures, open the domestic market to other members on an equal footing, and strive for opportunities for domestic products or services to enter other members' markets, which is called "returning a peach to a plum." Second, when a country or region applies to join the WTO, because the new members can enjoy the preferential treatment of opening the market that all the old members have achieved in the past, the old members will unanimously ask the new members to pay the "entrance fee"-to open the market of the goods or services of the applicant country in accordance with the existing WTO agreements and agreements. Third, reciprocal trade is the main tool for a member to realize economic and trade cooperation with other members in multilateral trade negotiations and trade liberalization. The history of GATT and WTO fully shows that the benefits of multilateral trade liberalization for a member are far greater than those of a country's unilateral trade liberalization. Because when a country unilaterally decides to liberalize the trade of tariff and non-tariff goods and open the service market, its benefits mainly depend on the reaction of other trading partners to this liberalization reform. If the response is good, it is to give preferential treatment to other places, which has great benefits; On the contrary, it is smaller. On the contrary, under the WTO system, because a member's trade liberalization is carried out within the scope of obtaining the commitment of the existing members to open the market, the actual benefits brought by this trade liberalization reform are naturally guaranteed by the WTO mechanism, not the benefits of unilateral or bilateral trade liberalization. Therefore, multilateral trade liberalization is superior to unilateral trade liberalization, especially for developing countries like China.

4. The principle of fair competition in 4.WTO includes three points: 1. The principle of fair competition is embodied in the fields of goods trade, service trade and trade-related intellectual property rights; 2. The principle of fair competition involves not only the government behavior of members, but also the enterprise behavior of members; 3. The principle of fair competition requires members to maintain the competition of producers or operators of products, services or service providers in the domestic market fairly, regardless of whether these products, services or service providers come from their own countries (regions) or from any other member.

Throughout the Uruguay Round negotiations in agriculture, textiles and clothing, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, technical barriers to trade and other areas of trade in goods, the principle of fair competition runs through.

5. The principle of transparency. That is, the national unified implementation and transparent trade policies and regulations. The principle of transparency is an important principle of the WTO, which is embodied in the main agreements and agreements of the WTO. According to this principle, WTO members need to declare the effective implementation of existing trade policies and regulations:

(1) Customs regulations. That is, the provisions of the customs on the classification and valuation methods of products, the tariff rates and other fees levied by the customs on import and export goods;

(2) Laws and administrative regulations on import and export management;

(3) Domestic taxes, regulations and rules on the collection of import and export commodities;

(4) Laws and regulations on inspection and quarantine of import and export commodities;

(5) General laws and regulations on the administration of import and export goods and their payment of foreign exchange;

(6) Legislation and regulations on the utilization of foreign capital;

(7) laws and regulations on intellectual property protection;

(8) Laws and regulations of export processing zones, free trade zones, border trade zones and special economic zones;

Laws and regulations on trade in services;

(10) arbitration clause;

(1 1) Existing bilateral or multilateral agreements and agreements that affect trade policies signed by member governments and their institutions;

(12) Other domestic legislation or administrative rules that affect trade behavior.