Foreign exchange reserves of all countries are US dollars.

The competent department for issuing US dollars is Congress, and the Federal Reserve Bank is responsible for the specific issuance business. After World War II, continental European countries reached an agreement with the United States to use US dollars for international payments. Since then, the dollar has been widely used as a reserve currency in countries outside the United States, and eventually became an international currency. 1792 appeared after the American mint act was passed. At present, the issuance of US dollars is controlled by the Federal Reserve system. Starting from 19 13, the United States established the federal reserve system and issued federal reserve bonds. More than 99% of the banknotes in circulation are federal reserve notes. This dominant position of the dollar in the international monetary system has brought great benefits to the United States. The stability of the dollar should be attributed to the following factors: zero inflation growth, the safe-haven nature of the US asset market and the risk of the euro.