It is unusual for China people to study abroad earlier. Our culture and technology in China once stood out from the crowd, and it was always others who visited and studied. Going west like Tang Sanzang? Learn from the scriptures? (and public officials) are absolutely rare. It was only after the Opium War that China suffered a series of failures in resisting foreign powers that patriots went abroad to study in search of a powerful country. The direction and method of studying abroad in those days were similar to today: studying in Europe, America and Japan; Public schools, self-funded schools and work-study programs are different.
Studying abroad was nothing at that time. Economic security? Trouble? Visa？ It's not difficult (China people didn't even need a visa to go to Japan at that time! )。 As long as you are ready, you can start. ? Are you ready? The level is different, some people are part-time, and on the road, there is not much money. What are they going to do? A heart? ; And Fang Hung-chien in Qian Zhongshu's novel Fortress Besieged, raising money? A sum of 20,000 RMB equivalent to 1300? This is sufficient material preparation.
Just say that Fang Hung-chien is overseas? Three universities in four years, London, Paris and Berlin? Because of it? Wide range of interests, inexperience, and particularly lazy life? In the spring of the fourth year, there was only 400 pounds left, and it cost 40 dollars when I returned home. What? Clayton University? Doctor's fake diploma. This sounds like a joke, but there are many examples in life. For example, Chen Yinque, a well-known scholar, took classes in more than 20 universities in Europe and America, but did not get a diploma. However, when he returned to China, he was recruited as a mentor by the famous Tsinghua, which was not as unlucky as Mr. Fang.
When did Fang Hung-chien spend it? Twenty thousand? Studying abroad is not a decimal. In 1930s, the purchasing power of 1 yuan silver was about that of 80 yuan today. The 20,000 oceans here can be counted as1600,000 today.
If the above characters are taken from novels, their authenticity is in doubt. Let's check the relevant historical materials. According to Cambridge's authoritative history of China: Boxer indemnity was too high, which led to the collapse of the China government? ,? From any angle, this figure can be regarded as a shameful symbol of the peak of imperialist plunder. .
So in 1908, the US Congress opposed China? Reduced compensation? , its? Compensation? Beyond America? What part of the actual loss? , for? What is the cost of educating China people in the United States? , totaling11961121.76 USD. In this regard, during the period of 1909-29, * * * 1268 people went to study in the United States with this scholarship. The $11961121.76 here is 1268 people, with an average of $9433.06. (Note: This account has been calculated to two decimal places, which should be serious. )
The question now is how much is $9433 worth? Here, we use the current and past gold and dollar prices as a reference. During the period of 1909-29, an ounce of gold was about $20. Today (20 15), the exchange rate of gold against the US dollar is around 1 100 USD per ounce.
In this way, can there be a more sufficient basis to say that year? Geng Kuan stays in America? Everyone spends about 47 1.65 ounces of gold, which is about 5 188 15 dollars today. Of course, such a calculation method is certainly unscientific, because the wealth accumulated by society in those days was far less abundant than today. But you can see? Geng Kuan stays in America? It must have been education at that time? High consumption? . It is much more expensive than Fang Hung-chien studying in Europe at his own expense. And then what? G money? Is it a unilateral bidding operation in the United States? Is it expensive? This is inevitable.
Caption: Is this an early exam? Geng Kuan stays in America? Old photos of China students.
Say? Geng Kuan stays in America? Expensive, not subjective, unfounded. If you compare studying in Germany with studying in Japan. 1906, Cai Yuanpei was a scholar in Beijing Hanlin Academy. Public schools? Studying in Germany (a little? Visiting scholar? ). China's ambassador to Germany gave him 42 silver dollars a month to pay for education. After Cai Yuanpei earned his own manuscript fee? Work-study program? , is another theory. 19 19 Liang Qichao said to his friends after visiting Berlin. Think the tuition is surprisingly low? If every student has a 30-year-old or a 40 yuan, he can live as leisurely as possible? , so suggest? Mobilize large domestic companies to invest 5,000 or 20,000 yuan a year and send a dozen or twenty students?
The picture shows that this photo was taken by Mr. Cai Yuanpei and his family in Germany in 19 12.
And staying in Japan is cheaper than staying in Germany. For example, in 1902, Mr. Lu Xun went to Japan to study as an official student. Once a month? Official expenses? According to the memory of students studying in Japan that year, Yinyuan was enough to meet the living expenses such as tuition and rent. This reflects from one side that there was not much difference in the level of national productivity between China and Japan. At that time, 36 yuan Silver Dollar was the monthly salary of middle-level staff in big cities in China.
Due to the low cost of studying in Japan, there are more students studying in China. So Japan is as open as it is today? Language school? Similarly, many schools were set up to earn money from China students. At that time, China people disdained to learn Japanese culture and language, because culture came from China. Not as fake as it is now? Study? A snob who works hard for hard money. Everyone should learn more about science and technology and military knowledge.
So Japan opened? Zhenwu? In a preparatory school like this, students must first enter such a school, choose the best to train with the Japanese army, and then choose the best to enter the student school, which is a formal military school. It is said that Chiang Kai-shek is a member? Zhenwu? School, but later can control the whampoa military academy and the President of the Central Army University, really let? Only education? I don't believe it.
In short, studying in Japan and Germany in those days can be described as? Affordable? Yes, the cost of a person for four years is about 7 thousand yuan; Who is Fang Hung-chien who lives in Europe? Deluxe edition? (Mr. Fang returned to China in the second class of ocean-going ships, which is also evident from the berth of his compatriots in China who are mostly in the third class). Affordable? The expenses of three or four people; And then what? Geng Kuan stays in America? Is it made in America? Super luxury? Educational consumption.
Due to the limited space, the topics involved in this paper are too many and complicated to list one by one.