/kloc-around 0/330, a Chinese named Wang Dayuan came and called this residence "the dragon head", saying that China people had already lived here. The earliest address for Temasek (or Haicheng) in Singapore appeared in 1365' s Ode to Java History. Singapore Island began to be valued in the14th century. The late Prince Berrymisura from Sri Lanka established the Sultanate of Malacca in this area, and later the Portuguese burned down the stronghold of the estuary in 16 13. There is no historical data about Singapore in the next two centuries. 18 19- 1942
18 19, Stanford Raffles, an employee of the British East India Company, landed in Singapore and began to take charge of the area. 1824, Singapore officially became a British colony, initially under the jurisdiction of British Indian colonial authorities. 1867, Singapore was upgraded to a strait colony and was directly under British rule. With the development of ships and the opening of Suez Canal, Singapore has become an important port of call for ships sailing between Europe and Asia. /kloc-Around the 1970s, the local rubber planting industry flourished, and Singapore became a major rubber export and processing base in the world.
By the end of 19, Singapore had achieved unprecedented prosperity, when its trade increased eightfold. After World War I, Britain also spent 500 million yuan to build a naval base in Singapore. Winston Churchill, then British Prime Minister, also called Singapore "Gibraltar of the East". Unfortunately, there are no warships in this naval base. The British strategy is to station all the Royal Navy in Europe and send it to Singapore if necessary. 1942- 1945
194 1 year, 65438+February, until Japan unexpectedly attacked Singapore. She is a jewel in the crown of the British Empire. As the political and economic center of Britain in Southeast Asia, Japan must win Singapore in order to completely drive away the British. Singapore is densely populated by Chinese, and it is also the anti-Japanese movement center of overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia. The Nanyang Overseas Chinese Association led by Chen Jiageng mobilized 8 million Chinese in Southeast Asia and raised a huge amount of foreign exchange of about 400 million yuan for China. At this time, the Chinese Singaporeans who fell into the jaws of death were met with envy and crazy revenge from Japan because they had helped China resist Japan and organized volunteers to carry out heroic resistance.
The day after Pearl Harbor, Japanese troops landed in Kota Golu in northern Malaya. Only two months after the war began, the Japanese army occupied the whole Malay Peninsula and Sin Chew. 1942 15 In February, the British Commander-in-Chief Bai declared unconditional surrender, and the defenders of Britain, Australia and India130,000 people became prisoners, which was the biggest catastrophe in British military history (the Battle of Singapore). After Japan took over Singapore, it changed its name to Zhaonan Island. In February of the same year, from 18 to 25, in order to retaliate against Xinghua Volunteers and China people who had previously supported China's anti-Japanese war, the Japanese army launched retaliatory actions in the name of "big inspection". The Japanese authorities have set up "certificate inspection centers" in many places. Their plan is to screen all Japanese men between the ages of 18 and 50, and eradicate all "anti-Japanese elements". In the end, the Japanese captured about 20,000 people, most of whom were taken to the suburbs or remote beaches of Changi and Bangor for collective shooting, and the rest were sent to Thailand for hard labor. The Japanese army also blackmailed the Nanyang Chinese and demanded that they pay 50 million yuan as a bonus. The reason given by Tomoko Yamashita at that time was: "Overseas Chinese supported the Chongqing government's anti-Japanese war, and this money is your life-saving money to atone for the Japanese army."
After more than three years of suffering, with the Japanese surrender, China people living in Singapore are all happy. According to incomplete statistics, about 20,000 to 50,000 Japanese were killed during the three-year Japanese occupation (the Singapore Massacre). After the war, the remains of the slaughtered people were found in many places. The Chinese Chamber of Commerce in Singapore could not bear to have these bones scattered in the wilderness. In the same year, a restoration committee was established to be responsible for exploration, excavation and burial.
The Singapore Peace Monument was inaugurated on February 1967. Every February 15 (the day of the occupation), a memorial service for the dead civilians will be held here. Singapore's anti-Japanese film "The Price of Peace" describes the hard days of Japanese occupation of Singapore and the anti-Japanese experience of Xinghua Volunteers. Only after watching this TV series can we have a deeper understanding of historical figures such as Chen Jiageng and Lin's livelihood, and also understand the contribution made by Chinese in Southeast Asia to the War of Resistance. 1945- 1963
1September, 945, the British army returned to Singapore. 1946 After the end of military control in March, the Taiwan Province Strait colony was dissolved. 1 April 19461day, Singapore became a British colony. Singapore after the war was very different from that before the war, and the people demanded a greater say in the government. The power of the Governor was devolved and an advisory group composed of official and appointed unofficial people was set up. This system became two independent executive and legislative meetings in July 1947. 1948 On March 20th, Singapore held its first general election. At the end of 1953, Singapore amended its constitution and enjoyed greater autonomy.
1955, Singapore held an election, and Marshall became the first chief minister of Singapore. The Labor Front he led, together with UMNO and MCA, formed a coalition government. Marshall resigned on June 6 due to the breakdown of negotiations on full autonomy. 1957 In March, the negotiating delegation led by Lin Youfu reached an agreement on the main provisions of Singapore's new constitution in the London negotiations. 1959 Singapore further realizes autonomy. The first general election was held in May of the same year. The People's Action Party won 43 of the 565,438+0 seats in the Legislative Assembly. On June 5th, the first government of Singapore Autonomous State was sworn in, and Lee Kuan Yew became the first prime minister of Singapore.
1961May, Prime Minister Tengku abdul rahman of Malaya announced that he would unite Singapore, Malaya, Brunei, Sarawak and North Borneo to form a federation. In this regard, Lee Kuan Yew decided to hold a referendum, and finally 7 1% voted in favor. So in September 1963, Singapore broke away from British rule and formally joined the Malaysian Federation. 1963- 1965
After the merger of Singapore and Malaysia, Singapore began to have conflicts with the central government and had different views on the policy of governing the country. The first public contradiction between the two governments occurred in1963+February. Lee Kuan Yew criticized Malaysia's annual budget for not giving enough budget to improve social conditions. Businessmen in Singapore also began to complain that the central government discriminated against them. Instead of giving them the same benefits as other States, they gave them a hard-hitting system. Contradictions between bilateral economies In June, 5438+0964, 65438+February, the central government asked Singapore to raise the tax paid to the central government from 40% to 60%, and then it warmed up. At that time, the Malaysian Finance Minister said that this was because of Indonesia's confrontational activities, which led to an increase in the arms budget. In the same month, the central government announced the closure of the Singapore branch of the Bank of China because the Bank of China funded the armed activities of the Malayan Party.
There are also political conflicts between the two places. 1963, the Coalition party composed of UMNO, MCA and Congress Party participated in the election in Singapore with the support of the central government. However, not only did the Coalition party not get seats, but the original three constituencies were also seized by the People's Action Party. 1In September, 964, serious racial riots broke out in Singapore due to the dissension between Indonesian agents. The concept of "Malay supremacy" gradually moved to the center of the stage. Non-Malay political parties openly expressed their opposition to the creed of "racism". At that time, the first Prime Minister Tengku Abdul Rahman was worried that Chinese would dominate Malaysia's political and economic environment. He believes that the best way to solve the conflict between the two races is to make Singapore, which is dominated by Chinese, independent to ensure Malay rule. As a result, the ruling Coalition headed by UMNO urgently passed the constitutional amendment in Congress, with 126 votes in favor and 0 votes against, expelling Singapore and Malaysia.
1On August 9, 965, Singapore broke away from Malaysia and became a sovereign, democratic and independent country. On February 22nd of the same year, 12, Singapore became a republic and Yusov Ben Isaac became the first president. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Singaporeans' sense of collective crisis became the driving force of economic miracle, and they survived in adversity by hard work. 1965 till now
After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), Singapore sought international recognition and joined the United Nations on 2 1, 1, and in September 1965. In the same year, Singapore joined the Commonwealth in June+10, 5438. 1967 Singapore has also established ASEAN. As a small country, the world doubts whether Singapore can continue to exist. In addition to sovereignty disputes, other important issues include housing shortage and lack of land and natural resources. The unemployment rate is as high as 12%.
In order to survive and live, Singapore has started a series of measures to develop industry and economy. Economic Development Bureau, established in 196 1, is committed to implementing the national economic development policy and attaching importance to the manufacturing industry. Jurong Industrial Zone was formally established, and light industrial bases were established in Leng and Daba Kilns. In order to attract foreign investment, the government decided to give preferential treatment to foreign enterprises. In the same year, the Economic Development Bureau was reorganized, and the Jurong Town Administration and the Singapore Development Bank were also established that year. Rapid industrialization has made Singapore's manufacturing industry a major exporter of electronic products in the world within ten years. Although Singapore's domestic political freedom space was gradually suppressed, it achieved rapid economic development and soon became an important financial and entrepot trade center in Southeast Asia, and it was also one of the "Four Little Dragons of Asia" at that time. At the same time, people's living standards have been greatly improved, and problems such as housing, education and transportation have been solved.
Goh Chok Tong succeeded Lee Kuan Yew in power since 1990+0 1 in June, 1959, and became the second Prime Minister of Singapore. Singapore held its first democratically elected presidential election in 1993, and Wang Dingchang became the first democratically elected president. 1999, Nathan became the second elected president of Singapore. 2065438+01August presidential election results announced. Chen Qingyan, with a slight advantage of 0.34%(7269 votes), was elected as the third elected Singaporean president ahead of Chen Cheng Bok and two other candidates.