2. Microfinance (financial marketing)

The scores of the two parts are about 1 15.

Small subjects: micro-finance, statistics and insurance accounting may give 1 terminology explanations for each subject.

The score is around 35 points.

Small subjects are the secondary focus of review, mainly by surprise explanation of key terms. Generally speaking, before the middle of June 1 1+065438, the focus of professional courses in February should be the assault of small subjects and the review of large subjects.

Review Guide for Key Subjects: Macroeconomics, Commercial Banking, National Finance and Microfinance Theory should be read four times-Macroeconomics, Monetary Banking, International Finance and Financial Market. Many students ask what is the theory of microfinance? In fact, the difference between micro-finance and macro-finance mainly lies in its research on the theory and practice of micro-financial market. From a practical point of view, Wudaokou may focus on the role of stock issuance, organizational form, approval and registration system, the connection and difference between the main board and the Growth Enterprise Market, the connection and difference between the primary market and the secondary market, and so on. Theoretically, the scope of investigation is wider, including primary financial instruments (stocks and bonds) and derivative financial instruments (forwards, futures, options, swaps, swaps, upper and lower interest rates, note issuance facilities, etc. There are also theories about capital market and securities investment, mainly MM theorem, modern modern portfolio theory, capital asset pricing model, arbitrage-free pricing model, efficient market hypothesis and so on. The following are some key questions for reference only, not as the basis for the exam. You still need to work hard to really get high marks in professional courses. There is a road to diligence in Shushan, and there is no limit to learning the sea! It should be noted that there are many bad answers in Kim's supporting exercises, which he needs to sort out according to the textbook.

Let's talk about the review of small subjects first.

Microeconomics: Understand the curve and elasticity of supply and demand, master the explanation of important terms in utility theory, production theory, cost theory, market theory, market failure and microeconomic policy, and tedious reasoning and graphics can be ignored. Microeconomics had problems such as excess consumers in 2008, but not in 2009. It is reasonable to think that the explanation of 1 noun may continue to be investigated on 20 10.

Financial part: No matter what book you read, there are at least four parts that you need to master skillfully. Budget policy, fiscal policy, tax policy, public debt policy, and the contents of these four parts in finance textbooks all depend on it. There is a great possibility of big problems in finance, but it is not big. 20 10 exam is expected to explain 1 noun.

Statistics section: I have published a wave of versions of the main knowledge points of statistics on the forum. Please refer to that post and review any statistics textbook. Statistics mainly explains nouns. Statistics may be difficult in some years, such as the 08 maximum likelihood ratio test, but we should not pursue these difficult contents. If it is difficult, no one will, and everyone will be the same. Pay attention to the basic concepts of statistics. According to statistics, 20 10 is the key point, because two terms were explained in 2008, and 2009 1 did not come out, which is quite abnormal. I hope that students who have not thoroughly reviewed statistics will pay attention to the review of this subject. It is estimated that 20 10 needs 1-2 nouns to explain.

Insurance: The first 236 pages of Wei Heqing's book must be memorized, and the basic insurance is worry-free. The content is not too much, mainly focusing on key concepts and short answers. If students who are really pressed for time, or non-economic science and engineering students, do not pursue high marks in professional courses, you must also be proficient in reciting insurable risks, the definition and classification of insurance, the definition, characteristics, content, classification subjects and insurance principles of insurance contracts. It is estimated that 20 10 is more likely to explain the proposition with nouns.

Accountant: There are no special rules to explore. Some years may test basic concepts, such as accumulated depreciation and accumulated amortization in 2009, but some years may involve intermediate financial accounting, such as contingent liabilities. So you only need to master some accounting principles, intermediate financial accounting or key terms in CPA accounting. In fact, don't worry about the difficulty of accounting. If the accountant does not make entries, it is easy to interpret them as nouns. It is estimated that in 20 10 years, accountants will still keep the investigation of 1 nouns.

Microfinance: It is repeatedly emphasized that the scope of microfinance postgraduate entrance examination generally includes theory and practice. From a practical point of view, Wudaokou may focus on the role of stock issuance, organizational form, approval and registration system, the connection and difference between the main board and the Growth Enterprise Market, the connection and difference between the primary market and the secondary market, and so on. Theoretically, the scope of investigation is wider, including primary financial instruments (stocks and bonds) and derivative financial instruments (forwards, futures, options, swaps, swaps, upper and lower interest rates, note issuance facilities, etc. ), as well as the theory of capital market and securities investment. Mainly MM theorem, modern portfolio theory, capital asset pricing model, arbitrage-free pricing model, efficient market hypothesis and so on. Based on the CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) short answer just passed in 2009, it is estimated that CAPM is unlikely to appear in the 20 10 test paper, but according to my estimation, microfinance is already a trend, so microfinance is likely to maintain the possibility of 1 noun explanation and 1 short answer every year, so microfinance must be paid attention to. Financial engineering and securities investment in the detailed explanation of the real questions and typical questions of the financial postgraduate entrance examination are all recited repeatedly, and there is basically no problem in the basic micro-financial theory. It is worth mentioning that among the five intersections of microfinance, there is a classic book covering all possible test sites, namely Financial Marketing published by Professor Zhang Yichun of Xiamen University. If you have any questions you don't understand when reviewing microfinance, you can refer to his first nine chapters, which are very rigorous and easy to understand.

Macro commodities, silver and national gold are the key points, and everyone on earth knows that it takes more effort to study them.

Macroeconomics: It has been clearly discussed in my experience post of reviewing specialized courses. You can refer to my framework and key points to review. Someone asked what kind of realm macroeconomics has learned to be OK. It's actually quite simple. Just recite the postgraduate entrance examination questions and typical questions of gold macroeconomics in detail.

Money bank part: the point is that my experience post has also been discussed repeatedly. The market part is mainly composed of four theories and two systems. In addition, in that professional course experience post, I also sorted out the main knowledge points of money banking according to the detailed explanation model of real and typical questions of money banking. Everyone took Jin's book and consolidated and recited the knowledge points one by one.

Part of international finance: review ideas similar to money and banking. First of all, look at my professional course experience post, which provides a reference framework for international financial review. Among them, I also provided some examples of taking notes on key contents. Of course, students with tight review time should definitely not take notes. If they have the time, they might as well do more math papers. International finance should be organically linked with macro finance, commodities and banks, so as to achieve a comprehensive understanding of macro finance. Macrofinance is nothing more than studying the complex relationship between macroeconomic variables Y, P, R, E, Q, Ms, Md, C, I, G, NX and capital flow. Remember, it is the real variables that play a substantial role in the economy (excluding the influence of price level). For example, it is the real money supply that determines the nominal interest rate, the real interest rate that determines the investment variable, and the real exchange rate Q that determines the import and export. The central bank uses Ms→r→i→ or direct E→AD→y, P and R (three variables of internal equilibrium core) ps: the former is the transmission mechanism of Keynesian monetary policy, while the latter is the transmission mechanism of monetarist monetary policy. After Ms controls y, p and r, it is enough to achieve internal balance at this time. However, under the condition of open economy, there is an interactive mechanism between internal equilibrium and external equilibrium. External balance refers to the balance of international payments (including the overall balance of current account and capital and financial account). Of course, it is also meaningful to analyze their respective surpluses and deficits in detail. If the external balance is an imbalance of international payments, it will directly affect the money supply under the obligation of the central bank to maintain a fixed exchange rate at a fixed exchange rate, which will lead to the endogenous increase and decrease of the money supply, thus seriously affecting the internal balance Y, P and R through the mechanism of money income, money interest rate and money price. Under the floating exchange rate, the imbalance of international payments will not cause the change of Ms, but will lead to the change of the nominal exchange rate E, and the change of E will lead to the change of Q in the same direction, thus determining that NX will affect CA. Of course, the change of Q will also cause the inflow or outflow of capital and affect KA. Whether capital flows in or out depends on the fundamentals of the country's economy, the degree of depreciation or appreciation, and investors' expectations of future exchange rate changes. It is precisely because the imbalance of international payments has such a great influence on the internal economy that we should pursue internal and external balance at the same time. So how do the Ministry of Finance and the central bank achieve internal and external balance at the same time? This requires policy tools and supporting policies for policy regulation under open conditions. The former tools include demand management policy (expenditure increase and decrease and expenditure conversion), supply policy and foreign exchange buffer policy, while the latter collocation scheme includes Dingbergen principle, Mundell effective market classification principle and policy allocation model, Swann expenditure increase and decrease and expenditure conversion policy collocation. It is worth mentioning that IS-LM-BP model and MM-BB-FF model can also analyze the policy mix that the government should adopt under different macroeconomic situations. The tools that the Ministry of Finance and the central bank can control are nothing more than money supply, credit, government expenditure, taxes, transfer payments and public debt policies, and all of them can control Y, P and R, and Y, P and R can affect CA, KA and expectation respectively, that is, the income mechanism, price mechanism and interest rate mechanism in the automatic adjustment of international payments. This enables the Ministry of Finance and the central bank to jointly adopt policy tools to control internal core variables and then adjust the balance of payments. There are many paths in it, which can be analyzed by yourself. In the case of international finance, everyone should carefully review according to my professional course experience post, memorize the real questions and typical questions of the financial postgraduate entrance examination, and explain the international financial exercises in detail. It should be no problem.

The above is simply to tell you the specific sprint strategy of ten professional courses in Wudaokou Postgraduate Entrance Examination.

In addition, we should consciously organize special studies, such as inflation and deflation, central bank policy regulation, policy matching model, international balance of payments automatic regulation and policy regulation, international reserves and international monetary system, growth enterprise market, capital adequacy ratio of commercial banks, balance sheets of commercial banks and central banks, money demand and money supply, etc., and collect professional knowledge reflected behind hot research topics! Cultivate your ability to express major economic hot issues by using professional terms and economic thinking.

Long-term review strategy of professional courses

Introduction:

Wudaokou official enrollment brochure states that the comprehensive examination of economics includes the following subjects:

Microeconomics, macroeconomics, monetary banking, international finance, securities investment, accounting, finance, insurance, business management of commercial banks, statistics, etc. The format of the initial test is about 1 1 A4. The questions that need to be answered within 3 hours are short answers, brief descriptions and expositions (it is strongly recommended that you take a look at the real questions in previous years).

General description:

The soldiers and horses did not move, and the food and grass went first. Maybe everyone is very concerned about the choice of bibliography. Now I'll explain them one by one.

Microeconomics: the latest edition of Gao Hongye (a first-class textbook suitable for exams in China, which is easy to read and saves time).

Macroeconomics: Gao Hongye's latest edition

Modern monetary and banking course: Hu Qingkang (the designated textbook for the financial joint entrance examination, with clear and complete length, rigorous wording and mainstream)

Yi Gang, a scholar in monetary banking, suggested looking at Yi Gang first, and then at Hu Qingkang.

New edition of International Finance (Higher Education Edition is also acceptable): Jiang Boke (Nankai Qian Lao's books are also optional, but a little old) strongly recommends Fudan Third Edition or Higher Education Second Edition.

Securities investment: financial marketing (Zhang Yichun, financial marketing is one of the best textbooks on microfinance written by domestic scholars).

Accounting: CPA accounting textbook (all concepts are memorized, accounting entries are ignored, beware of catching a cold-such as 08 contingent liabilities)

Finance: Modern Public Finance by Tang Zhuchang of Fudan University (clear and comprehensive) is good, and Finance by Chen can also be used for reference (a little old, but the main points are not clear).

Insurance: Wei Helin (for lack of better choices, students majoring in finance should know that the professor's compilation is also good, and the description of the lucky contract in 2009 is included in the above two books). The first 236 pages of this book are very important. Lucky contract (2008) and investment-linked insurance (10) both won.

Management of commercial banks: Dai Guoqiang's rough focus is on the capital adequacy ratio of commercial banks' assets, business and capital.

Statistics: You Can in Higher Education (Basic Concept)

Detailed explanation (micro+macro) of typical questions and real questions of western economics postgraduate entrance examination, typical questions and real questions of monetary and banking postgraduate entrance examination, and typical questions and real questions of financial postgraduate entrance examination (including international finance, financial engineering and securities investment): all written by Jin.

The information I used is about the above. It is best to use the latest version of all materials, which is very easy to buy.

Zhao Peng's books have long been out of date ~ and they are not very good ~ Reading his books is not as comprehensive as reading Kim Cai Sheng's books ~ And Zhao Peng's books are hard to buy, so you don't have to buy them.

Unlike some brothers and sisters, I don't quite agree that students should read a lot of books in each course, especially resolutely put an end to reading foreign textbooks (you will find that it is not worth the candle). Pay attention to accumulating hot spots before preparing for the initial test. Remember: it is better to break one finger than to hurt ten fingers. Instead of skimming through dozens of books, we should concentrate on selecting classic textbooks for each subject. After falling backwards, naturally, once you climb to the top of the mountain and peek, you will see that other mountains are short under the sky ... If there are any mistakes or omissions, please let me know.

In addition to carefully reviewing the above books and reference materials, within two months before the exam, we must pay more attention to China People's Bank graduate department website, central bank website, Sina Finance, financial circle and other financial websites and magazines such as Economic Observer and China Finance, so as to understand this year's financial events. The topic of the initial test may be based on this hot spot, paying special attention to the speeches or articles of senior financial officials (for example, three articles published by President Zhou Xiaochuan in 2009 and re-examination in 2009). Why didn't you pay attention to the website or read a lot of journal articles when you first tried? The reason is actually very simple. First, at that time, your professional skills were not deep enough to be understood. Second, your time was precious. You might as well concentrate on endorsement instead of rambling on the website. Most importantly, collecting hot spots is a natural work. Whether you master financial knowledge comprehensively or not directly determines whether you are sensitive to hot spots. Wudaokou not only takes hot spots, but also the knowledge in books behind hot spots! Remember, remember.

For example, I saw Governor Zhou Xiaochuan's article "Reflections on the Reform of the International Monetary System" challenging the hegemony of the US dollar. Suppose he wrote it in September, 2009. What kind of initial and retest questions will be ordered at Wudaokou on 20 10? At this time, the guessing of the problem depends largely on your mastery of international finance. If I am a teacher in the proposition group, I may have the following questions for your reference. Explanation of terms: international monetary system, Bretton Woods system, Jamaican system, SDR, Triffin dilemma, super-sovereign currency, international policy coordination, etc. In short, the answer is, of course, about the current thinking of the international monetary system and the future direction of reform. Try to memorize the full text, so that there will be a focus when reviewing. For this hot spot, it is obvious that the international gold standard will never be tested, so you should memorize the above relative to the gold standard. An example may not be profound enough. Let's give another example. Regarding the Growth Enterprise Market, Wudaokou did not pay attention to it in the initial test and re-test in 2009, which is quite abnormal. As we know, the CSRC has promulgated the Measures for the Administration of Initial Public Offering and Listing of Growth Enterprise Market, which was officially implemented on May 1 2009. The launch of the Growth Enterprise Market is one of the three major topics of the CSRC this year, and stock index futures is another, which is obviously the top priority. Faced with this hot topic that is likely to be admitted to 20 10, what problems can you think of? Don't look behind you yet, think for yourself first.

I think the possible questions are: nouns explain the internal financing of IPO approval system and registration system in the main board market and the second board market, and the short answer may be the comparison between the main board market and the second board market. There are small and medium-sized enterprises in the existing main board market, so why launch the GEM? Through these two examples, I hope that everyone can draw inferences from others and understand the significance of launching the GEM for SME financing.

Reading order: macro commercial banks-national financial focus

You don't need to look at microeconomics with illustrations. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation of core terms in consumer theory, producer theory, market theory, market failure, microeconomic policy and other chapters (such as the law of diminishing marginal utility, MRTS, the comparison of four markets, and the performance of market failure). You need to look at the illustrated macroeconomics and national finance! When reading a book, you should consciously remember how to organize all the patterns of language when answering questions. At the same time, you can silently whisper PS: the macro genre debate can basically be cancelled. You don't need to know the theory and comparison of the four schools (but if you do, the whole macro system will be established)

Other subjects are not closely related. There is no need to read hard and obscure content slowly. Because there is no designated textbook, he doesn't know what books candidates usually read-they won't go astray when reading, and master mainstream contents such as finance (only need to know fiscal policy, budget, public debt policy and tax transfer). Accounting (catch all the concepts of certified public accountants at once) Statistics (refer to my post) Business management of commercial banks (only look at asset business, cash assets, capital composition, capital adequacy ratio and commercial banks in the Basel Accord) Insurance (generally speaking, the first 236 pages of Wei's book are enough) Securities investment (mainly the role of stock issuance and underwriting, securities market and securities investment funds) and the hot spots that must be paid attention to in 2009. By the way, I can recite all the books recommended by Kim, not word by word, but in my own language, mainly in textbooks.

Technical actual combat analysis:

If the exam is a dilemma,

How can I get full marks? Think for 2 minutes, about half a page, 20 points apart. In fact, you don't need too many words.

1. Who is the proposed economist? When did he put it forward? Where did the theory come from? How to organize a language simply?

Example:

The first paragraph: Triffin Dilemma is a theory put forward by triffin, a famous American economist, in 1960s, aiming at revealing the root cause of the collapse of the Bretton Woods system. This dilemma fundamentally stems from the characteristics of the Bretton Woods system-double pegging and adjustable fixed exchange rate system. Then, it explains what is the double pegged and adjustable fixed exchange rate system, that is, the US dollar is pegged to gold (US$ 35 = 1 ounce of gold), and the currencies of all countries in the world are pegged to the US dollar. That is to say, the dollar has been given the position of the center of the world monetary system, which is equivalent to the adjustable fixed exchange rate system of gold, so that the currencies of various countries can maintain a fixed price (exchange rate fluctuations are limited to the central exchange rate1%); In other words, the external equilibrium goal is above the internal equilibrium goal. Countries' policies with the priority of maintaining price parity are mainly expenditure increase and decrease and foreign exchange buffer policy.

We can finish the first paragraph here.

The second paragraph: begin to elaborate the theoretical points and analyze the substantive differences between the United States and other countries.

The first sentence: Triffin's dilemma is essentially a contradiction between "solvency" and "confidence". Then, explain what solvency and confidence stand for in two sentences (write Jiang Boke's original words silently to satisfy all countries in the world). . . Dollars must be. . . But with the continuous outflow of dollars. . . Countries around the world will also have the exchange rate between the US dollar and gold. . . That is, the contradiction between solvency and confidence). Finally, the root of this contradiction lies in that under the Bretton Woods system, the United States, as the issuer of the central currency, has completely different rights and obligations from other countries. Because the Bretton Woods system is double-linked, the United States can simply export dollars when there is a deficit, without using the policy of increasing or decreasing expenditure. Because the Bretton Woods system is an adjustable fixed exchange rate system, surplus countries can accumulate dollars so that they can use the foreign exchange buffer policy when there is a deficit in the future. In order to reduce internal economic shocks, deficit countries have to make painful adjustments by increasing or decreasing expenditures, so the goal of countries in external balance is to accumulate dollars.

The third paragraph: finally sum up and brag with practice.

This theory profoundly reveals the root cause of the collapse of the cloth system and embodies the high guidance of this theory. This is the root cause of the dollar crisis again and again in the future. This theory reveals that it is not feasible for us to base the world economic development on a country's sovereign currency. The diversification policy of Jamaica's international reserve currency only alleviates the problem of solvency, but does not fundamentally solve the problem that the US dollar remains the main pricing, settlement and reserve currency in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to establish any super-sovereign national currency.

The last paragraph is freely grasped according to everyone's writing speed and personal preference.

So you can get full marks.

Writing skills of specialized courses

The handwriting should be arranged neatly, and the row spacing should not be too close, and 20 kg will do, because the answer sheet is relatively large.

The serial number should be clear. It's best to copy the questions on the answer sheet first, and then answer them quickly while copying. What's the theme? A few points about discussion. Are you sure? If you are sure, don't continue to call. If you are not sure, calm down! Remember slowly that once your interest in writing comes up, natural ideas will emerge.

Don't exceed three sentences for each nonsense, simply say a short one and a long one, and elaborate a long sentence but not more than three sentences.

Write when you are pregnant! Absolutely not. The more you write, the higher your score. Only nine pages were written in the first attempt. I want to simplify the language and end the colloquial narrative

Write a mathematical formula if there is one, and draw a geometric figure if there is one, but draw it with a ruler.

Half a page of noun explanation takes 8- 10 minutes each.

Answer half a page-1 page, 15- 20 minutes each.

The last big problem must be solved for 30 minutes.

The main points of noun explanation should be comprehensive and clear, and there is no need to talk nonsense, simply answer and discuss strictly, but we should also pay attention to not talking nonsense and not writing tautology, and each sentence should express different meanings.

As for the point you want to express, you'd better write another paragraph, even if it's not beautiful, but it should be neat.

It is recommended to simulate before the exam, otherwise it is easy to allocate time improperly or get nervous, so I can only think so much for the time being.

Supplementary explanation of the main points recited by the international financial and monetary bank: (The old books on macroeconomics are enough to cope with, and look at the bobo edition by the way)

Macroeconomics is mainly short-term national income determination theory and long-term growth theory. The former has also become Keynesian national income determination theory. It is necessary to master the national income accounting and Keynesian theoretical framework system in the book, and master four models of how to determine various macroeconomic variables and how to affect national income. Relax the hypothesis that AE-NI is -LM AD-AS is -LM-BP, and introduce monetary factors between the first and second. Vegetarian investment is considered as an endogenous variable. The second and third are the long-term analysis of abandoning constant prices. The third and fourth is to introduce international sectors to expand aggregate demand curve's long-term growth. The key point is to master the concepts of economic cycle and theoretical economic growth accounting and economic growth theory (endogenous growth theory of Hado model Solow growth model). At the macro level, there are many theories such as Y when analyzing each macroeconomic variable in detail. =c+i+g+nx There are four theories about C: absolute income, relative income and life cycle hypothesis of lasting income. Then NX can analyze how NX is determined, how it affects national income, how to deduce the export multiplier of consumer investment, the effectiveness of government expenditure, fiscal policy and monetary policy, etc., and master the macroeconomics of gold skillfully.

It is best to use the third and fourth editions of Jiang Boke's New International Finance. He has learned a lot by himself, and the probability of being admitted is very very low.

Three pillars of international finance: balance of payments theory, exchange rate determination theory and international monetary system.

The theory of balance of payments involves the composition of balance of payments and its causes. Of course, all automatic and policy adjustment mechanisms should distinguish between fixed exchange rates and floating exchange rates, and different policy adjustment and automatic adjustment mechanisms have different ways.

The exchange rate determination theory, the first flow theory, involves the price interest rate, and the international payments are purchasing power parity and relative purchasing power parity respectively. The balance of payments theory of exchange rate parity is the second stock theory. Asset market theory can be divided into monetary analysis and portfolio analysis according to whether domestic assets and foreign assets can be replaced. The problem of substitution is essentially whether investors' risk preference is neutral. Different lattice adjustments can be divided into elastic price currency analysis and viscous price currency analysis. The latter is also called overshoot model, and then all the theoretical premises are memorized. Suppose that the economic significance of the proposer's mathematical formula is not sufficient.

The international monetary system is mainly composed of three international gold standards, the Bretton Woods Jamaica system. The above three systems, especially the latter two systems, except the first system, are all formed through international policy coordination. Then we need to investigate the reasons for international policy coordination, six levels of international policy coordination, three schemes of international policy coordination, Tobin tax, McKinnon's restoration of fixed exchange rate system and prestige. Finally, there is Williamson's exchange rate target area theory OCA theory, which only needs to master Mundell's high liquidity standard of production factors and GG-LL model.

After studying international finance, you will master all the policy tools mastered by the central bank of the government-demand management policy-including expenditure increase and decrease (fiscal currency), expenditure conversion (exchange rate policy, direct control, tariff and trade subsidy policy), supply policy (innovation of science and technology industry system) and foreign exchange buffer policy (including international reserve policy and international credit facilities). This is also the suggestion elaborated in jiang bo's Ke Fenpian. Master all the above theories, including the dispute between fixed exchange rate and floating exchange rate, M-F model analysis and so on.