There are 54 species of kiwifruit in the world and 52 species in China. Therefore, China is a veritable country of origin of kiwifruit and the country with the largest variety, distribution and yield in Miocene. The kiwifruit imported from abroad is all from China, so it is called "Chinese kiwifruit".
China kiwifruit has a long history of discovery, utilization and cultivation in China. As early as two or three thousand years ago, there were records of kiwifruit in Erya and later materia medica. Cen Can, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, intoned: "There is a kiwi fruit on the atrium well." . Li Shizhen, a pharmacologist in Ming Dynasty, said in Compendium of Materia Medica: "Its shape is like pear, its color is like peach, and macaques like eating, hence the name."
Actinidia chinensis is widely distributed in China, with a reserve of about 6.5438+0.5 million tons in wild kiwifruit, especially in the provinces south of the Yellow River. Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei and other provinces are the main producing areas, and there are a lot of harvests every year. For example, the annual output of kiwifruit in Anhui Province10.56 billion Jin. The output of kiwifruit is also high. In good years, each kiwifruit can produce hundreds or even thousands of kilograms of fresh fruit.
Kiwifruit is oval, about the size of an egg, and each big one weighs about100g. Mature in August, yellow-brown skin. Generally, it is harvested when the pulp is not soft, and it needs to be stored for a while before it can be eaten. The pulp is light green, soft and juicy, moderately sweet and sour, fragrant and delicious, and has a unique flavor. After eating, it is cool and antipyretic, soothing the liver and appetizing. Besides fresh food, it can also be processed into fruit sauce, fruit juice, fructose, canned food, fruit wine and so on. Kiwifruit wine is a good product in colored wine.
Kiwifruit has high economic value, and its pulp is rich in nutrition, which is the most vitamin C in fruit. Every 100g of fresh fruit generally contains 300 ~ 420mg of vitamins, which is more than lemon, citrus, grapefruit and hawthorn. Only jujube and Rosa roxburghii can be compared. Kiwifruit also contains vitamin A, proteolytic enzymes, various amino acids, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron and other components, and is a special nutrient for operators engaged in aviation, navigation, underground and so on.
Kiwifruit has high medicinal value. It is recorded in the Song Dynasty's "Kaibao Materia Medica" that it can "quench thirst, relieve summer heat, restrain Shi Dan, and pour stones ...". In recent years, the medical community has found that kiwifruit has a certain curative effect on cancer, especially digestive tract cancer. Since 1970s, Beijing Medical College has been studying the blocking effect of kiwi fruit juice on the synthesis of carcinogenic nitroso compounds in vivo and in vitro. It has been proved that its blocking effect in vivo and in vitro is obviously better than that of vitamin C solvent with the same concentration and American lemon juice.
Since the beginning of this century, China kiwifruit has attracted the attention of all countries in the world, and the United States, France, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, the former Soviet Union and other countries are scrambling to introduce it. They believe that kiwifruit is a worldwide fruit and can be called "the king of fruits". Among these countries, New Zealand has the fastest development. The annual output of this country reached 62,500 tons from 1904, and the annual output of199/kloc-0 reached 300,000 tons. Now kiwifruit in New Zealand has occupied the international market, with the foreign exchange of 1978160,000 USD and 198 1 year increasing to 65 million USD.
The article 1985 in the British New Scientist introduced the kiwifruit in China, pointing out: "About 100 years ago, kiwifruit was unknown outside China, but now it is planted in many countries. The production of kiwifruit in the United States and other countries is growing rapidly. "
China is the hometown of kiwifruit, which has a long history of utilization and cultivation and has accumulated rich experience. The advantages of good weather, geographical location and human harmony are all in our country. We should make use of this advantage to expand the production of kiwifruit, improve its yield and quality, and make China kiwifruit quickly enter the international market and occupy a leading position.