Calculation method of foreign exchange cost and foreign quotation
I. Exchange cost and profit and loss rate of export commodities
(A) the foreign exchange cost of export commodities
The exchange cost of export commodities refers to the total cost of RMB for each dollar of net export income, that is, how much RMB is exchanged for one dollar. The lower the exchange cost, the better the economic benefit of export. The calculation formula is:
Export exchange cost = total export cost (RMB)/net export foreign exchange income (USD)
= (purchase contract price/1.17 *1.04+various expenses)/USD net income
The total export cost of RMB includes: the actual purchase cost of goods (if the export goods are tax rebate subsidies, the cost after deducting the amount of export tax rebate) and domestic expenses (usually freight, insurance, bank charges, comprehensive expenses, etc.). ).
Net income from export sales in US dollars: the net income in US dollars of export commodities after deducting foreign bank charges, sea freight, insurance premiums, commission discounts to customers and other expenses paid in US dollars.
The foreign exchange cost reflects the profit and loss of export commodities and is an important indicator to examine whether export enterprises have economic benefits. Its measure is: the exchange rate of RMB against the US dollar. If the exchange cost is higher than the exchange rate of RMB against the US dollar, the export of this commodity is a loss. Although foreign exchange is earned, export itself has no economic benefits. The higher the exchange cost, the greater the loss. Therefore, in order to avoid losses, we must accurately calculate the foreign exchange cost.
When calculating the export exchange cost, we must also pay attention to: 1, and use the correct freight rate standard to calculate the freight; 2. Accurately grasp the quantity of goods that can be loaded in the whole container to avoid delivery of air freight; 3. Pay attention to calculating the extra cost of pallet+container; 4. Correctly calculate the extra premium generated by high premium; 5. Don't forget to calculate the insurance premium that needs to be increased for specific goods; 6. Pay attention to the insurance exemption of export commodities; 7. Accurately estimate the normal bank charges; 8. Appropriately estimate the expenditure of abnormal bank charges; 9. Pay attention to the commission deduction; 10, and the interest generated by the long-term release shall be recorded in the cost.
(2) Profit and loss rate of export commodities
This indicator shows that the percentage of profit and loss of export commodities in RMB net export income is positive, and negative is negative.
Profit and loss rate of export commodities = (net export RMB income-total export cost)/net export RMB income X 100% (where net export RMB income = offshore export foreign exchange income x bank foreign exchange purchase price).
The relationship between profit and loss rate and exchange cost is:
Profit and loss rate of export commodities =[ 1- export exchange cost/bank foreign exchange buying price] x 100%
It can be seen that the exchange cost is higher than the bank purchase price, and the profit and loss rate is negative. Only when the exchange cost is lower than the bank's foreign exchange purchase price can the export be profitable.
(3) Single profit of export business
Single business profit = net settlement income+tax refund income-acquisition cost-business cost
= USD net income * Bank foreign exchange bid price-bid price/1.17 *1.04-business cost
= Net income in US dollars * (Bank foreign exchange buying price-export exchange cost)
= net income in US dollars * profit and loss rate of export commodities
Tax refund income = acquisition cost (VAT invoice amount)/1. 17* tax refund rate.
(d) Several simple formulas for settlement with factories
1, goods for tax refund
Exchange cost = (purchase price (including tax)+domestic expenses)/USD net income
Upper limit of export exchange cost (capital preservation) = actual exchange rate (foreign exchange buying price of banks)/1.04 *1.17.
=8.02/ 1.04* 1. 17=9.0225
Gross profit of single business = net income of USD * (upper limit of export exchange cost-exchange cost)
2. Non-refundable goods (including agency goods, but excluding agency income)
Exchange cost = (purchase price+domestic expenses)/USD net income
Upper limit of export exchange cost (capital preservation) = actual exchange rate
Gross profit of single business = net income of USD * (actual exchange rate-exchange cost)
Second, the export quotation
(1) guaranteed price quotation
Use the previous simple formula:
Breakeven quotation = (acquisition unit price (including tax)+domestic cost per unit product)/export exchange cost ceiling
The quotation must be higher than the guaranteed price to make a profit.
(2) Two cases of reference
1, take the initiative to make external quotation.
Foreign quotation = (acquisition unit price (including tax)+domestic unit product cost)/actual exchange cost.
The actual exchange cost (that is, the expected exchange cost) must be less than the upper limit of export exchange cost.
2, the guest gives a target price.
Actual exchange cost = (acquisition unit price (including tax)+domestic cost per unit product)/target price.
The actual exchange cost must be less than the upper limit of export exchange cost.
3. Quotation formula under 3.FOB, CFR and CIF conditions.
FOB quotation = (actual purchasing cost+domestic cost per unit product) /( 1- expected profit rate-commission rate)
CFR quotation = (actual purchasing cost+domestic cost per unit product+freight per unit product) /( 1- expected profit rate-commission rate)
CIF quotation = (actual purchase cost+domestic cost per unit product+freight per unit product) /( 1-( 1+ insurance premium) * insurance rate-expected profit rate-commission rate)
The above quotations are all in RMB, and it should be noted that the actual purchase cost is the cost of unit product after tax refund.
According to the above quotation formula, several other price conditions can be calculated.