China's comprehensive national strength ranks fourth in the world. First, by the end of 2008-20 10, the United States will remain the world's first superpower in terms of gross national product, gold reserves, educational strength, scientific and technological strength, military strength (especially military expenditure), the number of global top 500 enterprises, comprehensive national strength and the world's largest currency, the US dollar (equivalent to the influence of the euro). Driven by the great prosperity of the world economy and its own policies to promote economic development, the United States will gradually get out of the subprime mortgage crisis and become an important engine of the world economy again. It is predicted that the annual economic growth rate of the United States is about 2.6%. Second, Japan ranks second in the world in terms of gross national product (GNP), foreign exchange reserves, foreign trade volume, per capita GNP, strength of higher education, seventh in military strength and top five in military potential. Japan's advantages are almost directly reflected in the economy and the science and technology supported by the economy, so once Japan's gross national product ranking drops, its comprehensive national strength ranking will also drop sharply. Third, relying on the small appreciation of the euro against the US dollar and certain economic growth, Germany has been the world export champion for many years and maintained a huge trade surplus. In 20 16, Germany's gross national product will rank third in the world (surpassing Japan, next to the United States and China) and its foreign trade volume is expected to rank second in the world (surpassing the United States, next to China); With the slight decline of France's influence, as the most powerful country in the European Union, Germany's political and economic status is bound to become increasingly prominent in the world. Education has always been ahead of the world, and has cultivated world-class great men such as Kant, Beethoven, Hegel, Marx, Engels and Einstein. Fourthly, China, from 2009, China will become the first engine of the world economy. At the end of 20 1 1, the military strength ranked second in the world, the gross national product ranked second in the world, the foreign exchange reserves ranked first in the world, the domestic market ranked third in the world, and the scientific and technological strength ranked second in the world (aerospace science and technology, military science and technology, nuclear science and technology, electronic information technology and other core fields ranked second in the world, while ship science and technology ranked first in the world), ranking second in the proportion of global top 500 enterprises (only) Among the top ten ports in the world, China has more than five ports: Shanghai, Hongkong, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Qingdao and Tianjin. Economically, it forms a world economic triangle with the European Union and the United States; Militarily, it has formed a world military triangle with the United States and Russia, and its status as a superpower has begun to emerge. However, at that time, China was only at the advanced stage of a medium-sized developing country, and the advantages of the EU and the United States were relatively large. There was still a long way to go before it could surpass the United States and become the world's first superpower, or even surpass the EU. Fifth, the rapid rise of oil and gas prices in Russia is an important foundation for the rapid economic growth in Russia. In the first quarter of 2008, the foreign trade volume was US$ 6,543.8+US$ 063.3 billion, up 55.8% year-on-year. The foreign trade surplus was $53.6 billion, an increase of 60% over the same period last year. Moscow has become the first choice for European real estate developers to invest in Europe. By the end of 20 12, Russia's foreign exchange reserves will surpass Japan, ranking second in the world; Exports will rise to the fifth place in the world. 6. Because the computer system in the world depends on English to a great extent at present, the United States will remain the world's first superpower in the next five years, and Britain will also become one of the world's second superpowers, so English and Chinese will become the two most important languages in the world, and Britain has language advantages. Sixth, because the computer system in the world relies heavily on English at present, the United States will remain the world's first superpower in the next five years, and Britain will also become one of the world's second superpowers, so English and Chinese will become the two most important languages in the world, and Britain has language advantages; British immigrants and their descendants account for the absolute proportion of the population in the United States, Canada, Australia and other countries; The increasingly prominent position of the world finance also makes London, the world financial center, more and more influential. With the help of London Olympic Games (20 12 London Olympic Games is one of the most important conditions for Britain's comprehensive national strength to leap from quantity to quality), the development prospect of Britain deserves attention. Seventh, France is the second nuclear power in the world after the United States, and has advantages in tourism, military science and technology and culture. If we can continue to maintain good relations with China, we will be in an advantageous position in the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution in the world from 2065438 to 2020, and even have the opportunity to catch up with Germany in terms of gross national product and comprehensive national strength, but now there is a crisis in Sino-French relations. Eighth, Canada is the only net exporter of oil among the seven developed countries; Uranium reserves rank second in the world; Mutual largest trading partner with the United States; It is recognized as one of the countries with good immigration policies in the world; Global warming has greatly increased the exploitable space in Canada. If the Arctic Ocean waterway is opened, Canada may achieve a rapid leap. Ninth, India is the second most populous country in the world, and the second or third largest software country in the world, and its comprehensive national strength has improved even faster, second only to China and Russia. By the end of 20 12, India will grow into one of the six superpowers in the world; More than 200 million people in India are proficient in English, which is India's advantage in the field of modern computers, especially in the software industry. (It is said that India has more than 654.38+100000 tons of gold and 654.38+105000 tons of silver. ) After 2065.438+02, the Indian government was able to buy 5,000 tons of gold in a very short time, making Indian Rupee quickly become one of the world currencies with high value and recognized by the whole world, further enhancing India's status as a sub-superpower. Forbes magazine reported on May 4, 2008 that mukesh ambani, a 5 1 year-old Indian billionaire with a net worth of $43 billion, is spending $2 billion to build himself the most expensive private "skyscraper mansion" in the world in Mumbai, the economic center of India, with a height of 173 meters. Military: India has been maintaining huge military purchases, and plans to purchase more than $30 billion in military hardware and software in the next five years; It is said that India considers itself the first military power in Asia. Tenth, Brazil is the fifth most populous country in the world, the fifth largest country in land area, an important exporter of important resources and energy such as iron ore and oil, and has Brazil's Vale, the world's largest iron ore producer, holding about 4 billion tons of iron ore; Coffee production ranks first in the world; It has the largest plateau (Brazil Plateau), the largest plain (Amazon Plain), the largest river basin (Amazon River) and the largest tropical rain forest (Amazon Rainforest) in the world. By the end of 20 12, Brazil will develop into the strongest country in Latin America, Africa and Oceania in the southern hemisphere. Eleventh, Australia is the largest coal exporter in the Asia-Pacific region and one of the largest iron ore exporters in the world; Uranium reserves account for about 40% of the world; The world's largest wheat exporter; The average price of real estate doubles every seven years, which has become the basic law of the Australian real estate market, with extremely low risk and extremely high rate of return; The service industry accounts for almost 80% of its economic activities and 1 1% of GDP, and the service quality of the banking industry ranks third in the world. The rate of currency appreciation is the highest in the world, and the population is also growing rapidly. It is one of the countries with more development potential in the world. The twelfth. If the Korean won continues to weaken, South Korea's gross national product will be surpassed by Mexico and 20 1 1 by Australia and the Netherlands in 2009, which will have a great impact on South Korea's international status. Fourteenth, among all the big countries in Spain, the contradiction between Spain and other big countries seems to be the least obvious now. If Spain can better handle its relations with world powers, and take advantage of the strong Asian economy with China as its economic center and the rapid economic growth in Africa, Spain's comprehensive national strength will surpass Italy and even have a higher international ranking before the end of 2020. There are differences between developed countries and developing countries. China and Hongkong are developed areas. Taking Hong Kong as an example can explain many problems. 1, income level. The income level of ordinary people is ten times that of the mainland. In Hong Kong, construction workers earn HK$ 500 a day. The daily wages of mainland construction workers range from 50 to 65,438+000 RMB, most of which are in 60 yuan. Associate professors in universities earn 80,000 Hong Kong dollars a month, which is about 6,543.8+0,000 Hong Kong dollars a year. The average monthly salary of ordinary professors in mainland universities is 65,438+0,000 RMB, which is hard to earn. A Yi, an associate professor in Peking University, complained that his monthly salary is only three or four thousand pounds, which is also true. 2. Education level. There are many universities in Hong Kong, such as Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. The number of colleges and universities is amazing. There are many colleges and universities, and the probability of people being educated is also high. Unlike mainland China, people desperately want to go to those good schools. Looking around the world, these schools are not worthy of the name. There is nothing like Harvard or even the national universities in Singapore. Imagine that there are only 1000 colleges and universities in China. The population of the United States is just over 200 million, but there are more than 3,000 colleges and universities. So our universities are not many but few, and our college students are not many but few. Developed and developing countries are the dichotomy of the World Bank. Developed countries include four categories: developed, moderately developed, primarily developed and underdeveloped. At present, there are only about 20 developed countries, while there are more than 100 in developing countries. Generally speaking, developing countries are of little significance to the policy reference of developing countries themselves. We call moderately developed countries, primary developed countries and underdeveloped countries developing countries. There are many definitions of developed countries, but the accepted standards are: higher per capita GDP (not total GDP) and social development level. According to the standards around 1995, a developed country can basically be defined as a per capita GDP of more than 8,000 US dollars (calculated at the nominal exchange rate) plus a certain level of social development. With the development of 10, the standard of $8,000 has fallen behind, and it should be raised to about 10000 in 2005. According to this definition, in 10, eight countries joined the ranks of developed countries, namely: Cyprus, Bahamas, Slovenia, Israel, South Korea, Malta, Hungary and Czech Republic. In addition, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait and other oil-producing countries have high per capita GDP, but the degree of social development is low, and the illiteracy rate is above 30%, so they cannot be included in the list of developed countries; Micro-countries such as Monaco and Liechtenstein are not included, nor are economies such as Hongkong, Taiwan Province Province and the Netherlands Antilles that have not achieved statehood. New list of developed countries in the world in 2005 (per capita GDP calculated at nominal exchange rate in brackets): former developed countries (***24 countries): Europe (18 countries): Luxembourg (69056), Norway (53465), Switzerland (49246) and Ireland (46336). 133) Sweden (3845 1) Britain (36977) Austria (3586 1) Netherlands (35393) Finland (35242) Belgium (3408 1)648) Spain. Among the developed countries, Luxembourg still ranks first, and the gap with the second place continues to widen; Ireland's per capita GDP was only the middle and lower level among developed countries 20 years ago, and by 2005 it had jumped to the fifth place in the world, becoming the most successful developed country in the past 20 years. It is worth mentioning that, after experiencing the pains of transition in the early 1990s, the Eastern European countries came out of the trough in the past 10 and became the countries with the strongest economic growth. Slovenia, Czech Republic and Hungary, which have the most smooth transition in Eastern Europe and are closest to the EU, have entered the ranks of developed countries, while Estonia, Slovakia, Croatia, Lithuania, Poland and Latvia have also developed well and joined the reserve echelon of developed countries. In the next echelon of GDP per capita (US$ 5,500-9,000), there are the following countries: Seychelles (8,892) Estonia (8,885) Slovakia (7,963) Croatia (7,764) Lithuania (6,796) Mexico (6,566) Poland (6,566). For the understanding of moderately developed countries, the academic views are not completely consistent. The Sustainable Development Research Group of Chinese Academy of Sciences calculates the data of eight categories of development indicators of developed countries every year, and the average value obtained is the level of moderately developed countries. The research group of modernization report of China Academy of Sciences believes that if the comprehensive index of the second modernization evaluation reaches the average of all countries in the world, it can be regarded as a moderately developed country. According to the level of moderately developed countries, the per capita GNP modernization standard of urban modernization evaluation system put forward by the general grouping of China City Yearbook is more than 5,000 dollars. Follow-up: When did China become a developed country? A: 20 15 A country that will achieve a well-off society in an all-round way by 2020 and a socialist modernization country (developed country) by 2050.