Indonesia is rich in mineral resources, oil and tin occupy an important position in the world, and natural gas, uranium, nickel, manganese, copper, chromium, bauxite and diamond are also rich. The total proven oil reserves exceed 654.38+0.3 billion tons, making it the largest country in Southeast Asia at present. In addition, it is estimated that Indonesia's offshore oil reserves are 3-5 times that of land, among which Ataka oil field along the coast of Samarinda is the largest. Indonesia's natural gas reserves are also considerable, about 73 trillion cubic meters. Indonesia is also the world's largest tin producer after Malaysia, with a nickel mine reserve of 5.62 million tons, ranking first in the world. Irian Jaya is also rich in uranium deposits. Bintan island in Riau Islands has bauxite. Manganese is produced near Yogyakarta. It is estimated that the diamond reserves are about 6.5438+0.5 million carats, ranking first in Asia, mainly distributed in Kalimantan.

In terms of agricultural and forestry products, Indonesia ranks first in the world in terms of pepper, cinchona cream, kapok and rattan. The output of natural rubber and coconut ranks second in the world. Indonesia's tropical rain forest area is second only to Brazil's Amazon region. Tiemu in Kalimantan and Sumatra, sandalwood in Nusa Tenggara, ebony in Sulawesi and teak in Java are all world-famous and precious timber. Indonesia's sea area is rich in aquatic resources and has a wide variety. Bayanbia and other places near the east coast of Sumatra Island are famous fishing grounds. Sea cucumber is produced along the coast of Bridon, pearl is produced along the coast of Maluku Islands and sea salt is produced along the coast of Madura Island.

2. A brief history of economy

Since the independence of 1945, Indonesia has been committed to promoting the development strategy of export and import substitution of primary products supported by the oil industry, and at the same time restricting the entry of foreign capital into Indonesia to protect the development of Indonesia's national economy. 1967 In the first fifteen years after Suharto's government came to power, Indonesia achieved self-sufficiency in food and production by developing abundant oil and other resources. National income mainly comes from oil export, which accounts for 80% of national income in 1982. In 1970s and early 1980s, with the prosperity of oil export, Indonesia's economy once grew at a high speed. From 1973 to 198 1, the average annual growth rate of GDP reached 7-8%. Starting from 1982, the prices of primary products such as oil in the international market began to weaken, and Indonesia's economy was hit hard, and its economic growth rate slowed down obviously. In the mid-1980s, world oil prices plummeted and Indonesia's economy declined.

1982-83 exports and government revenue decreased, and fiscal deficit and economic deficit increased. Since the early 1980s, Indonesia's current account deficit has been continuous year after year, with foreign debt payment as high as $2.76 billion (total foreign debt 1988 is $53 billion) and oil and gas service fee payment as high as $2.6 billion. In addition, Indonesia has also paid a large amount of foreign exchange for foreign trade transportation costs (Indonesia's fleet for foreign trade is insufficient), and the income from direct investment is used for reinvestment, which cannot balance the balance of payments. Although Indonesia has a huge foreign debt, it strictly fulfills its financial contract, so it can get friendly support from international organizations. Indonesia's tourism industry developed rapidly, and it was quite prosperous in 1990, with 21/0000 tourists and foreign exchange income of 654,388.08 billion US dollars.

3. Economic overview

Since 1968, especially after the adjustment of economic structure and product structure in the 1980s, Indonesia's economic development has made great achievements. In the first 25-year long-term construction plan, the gross national product will increase by 6% annually, and the inflation will be controlled within 10%. From June 65438 to April 0994, Indonesia entered the second 25-year long-term construction plan, that is, the economic take-off stage. The government has taken measures such as further simplifying import and export procedures, reducing tariffs, relaxing investment policies, and taking vigorously supporting small and medium-sized enterprises, developing tourism and increasing exports as the main tasks of economic construction, so that Indonesia's economy will continue to maintain a strong growth momentum. 1Since May 1995, the Indonesian government has promulgated a package plan to relax economic restrictions, open investment fields, reduce restrictions on the operation and development of industrial sectors, encourage the development of private enterprises in emerging industries and tertiary industries, and promote agricultural production. 1995 and 1996 attracted foreign investment of 39.9 billion dollars and 29.9 billion dollars respectively. 1996, a total of 959 foreign-funded projects were approved, an increase of 23% over 1995. However, the rapid increase of foreign investment, the imbalance of population and the development of the east and west will restrict the economic development.

4. Industry overview

(1). General situation of agriculture

The country has 654.38+0.98 million hectares of arable land. 1995, the total agricultural output value is 61637 billion guilders, accounting for about 17.2% of GDP. The agricultural population accounts for about 50.6% of the labor force. Agriculture is mainly based on planting, mainly planting food crops and cash crops. Food crops play an important role in agriculture and are mainly managed by small farmers in a decentralized way. The main food crop is rice, followed by corn, cassava, sweet potato and soybean. Rice is the main food for Indonesians.

Indonesia is one of the largest producers of tropical cash crops in the world. Most cash crops are planted in plantations, which are an important source of foreign exchange income, mainly including rubber, coffee, palm oil, coconut, sugarcane, pepper, quinine, kapok and tea. Rubber is one of the main cash crops, most of which are planted in private small rubber plantations, and its output ranks second in the world after Malaysia, which is mainly used for export. Coffee is also the main cash crop, about 90% of its output is exported, and coconut is a traditional export crop.

Agricultural product output statistics

(2). General situation of industry

The direction of Indonesia's industrial development is to strengthen export-oriented manufacturing. 1995, the output values of manufacturing and mining industries are 9 19290 and 35145 billion guilders respectively, accounting for 24.3% and 8.4% of the gross national product respectively. The main sectors are manufacturing, mining, textile, light industry and assembly. The growth rate of manufacturing industry in 1994 and 1995 is 12.5% and1.1%respectively. The export value of industrial products has exceeded $29.3 billion, accounting for 64.5% of the total export value. 1995 industrial output value increased by 10% over the previous year. The coal output is about 38.3 million tons, of which 310.6 million tons are exported, making it the third largest coal exporter in the world after Australia and South Africa.

Statistics of industrial output value

5. Main economic indicators

Gross domestic product (1995):190.3 billion USD.

Per capita GDP (1995): 1023 USD.

GDP growth rate: 8.07%

Exchange rate (1May 998 1): 1 USD =8025.00 guilders.

Inflation rate (1996): 6.47%

Economic growth rate (1996): 7.8%