First, the living habits of turtles
Turtle is a cold-blooded animal. Its life is quiet and afraid of vibration, sunshine and wind, clean and dirty. "Spring water comes to the beach, and the summer willows dive. It is cool to enter the cave in autumn and cold to drill deep pools in winter. " The optimum water temperature of soft-shelled turtle is 15~ 17℃. When the water temperature rises above 10℃ in April and May every year, the soft-shelled turtle begins to emerge. April ~ 165438+ 10 is the growth and activity period of soft-shelled turtle, with the most frequent activity. The hibernation period of soft-shelled turtle is 165438+1late October to April of the following year. When the water temperature drops below 10℃, the soft-shelled turtle dives into the sediment to overwinter. May-August is the breeding season of soft-shelled turtle. Soft-shelled turtle of 5-6 years old can reach sexual maturity and mate when the water temperature rises to 20℃. The feeding habits of soft-shelled turtles are very diverse, but they are mainly meat, and they like to eat animal feed such as river snails, river shrimps and small fish.
Second, the technical points of turtle culture
1. The pond should be built in a sunny and quiet place. The pond area should not be too large, and collective rearing should be between 1~2 mu, and family rearing can be smaller. The depth of the pond is about 2m, and it inclines from the middle of the pond to the shore, with a slope of 1: 3 and a slope width of about 2m. With the help of sediment with a thickness of about 15cm, a certain number of weeds and shrubs are cultivated for turtles to lay eggs. The edge of the pool must be built into a smooth wall with bricks and stones to prevent the tortoise from escaping. The bottom of the pool is soft mud with cement of about 20~30 cm, which can be used for turtles to hibernate in winter. The depth of the pool should always be kept at 40~60 cm. Fish ponds can be rebuilt with old fish ponds or mixed with domestic fish. Wooden logging boards should be put in the ponds for turtles to rest and eat.
2. When raising adult soft-shelled turtles, they should be raised in pools according to the size to prevent big soft-shelled turtles from swallowing small soft-shelled turtles. Soft-shelled turtle breeding density is generally 1 m2, 1 day-old soft-shelled turtle 20-30, 2-day-old soft-shelled turtle 7-20, 3-5-day-old soft-shelled turtle 3, 4-5-day-old soft-shelled turtle 1-3. Turtles are omnivores and have low requirements for feed. Small fish, shrimp, earthworms, snails, pumpkins, wild vegetables, corn, animal offal, carcasses and slaughterhouse leftovers can all be used as feed. Feed it twice a day, once in the morning and once at noon. The feeding amount of dry bait should be 2-5% of the turtle's weight, and the wet bait should be increased to 15% of the turtle's weight. The water temperature should be between 65,438+05-34℃. Turtles swallow actively and grow rapidly, so they should be fed enough bait. The specific feeding amount should be flexibly increased or decreased according to the feeding situation of soft-shelled turtle.
Three. Prevention and control of diseases and enemies
Turtle has strong adaptability, strong disease resistance and few general diseases. However, it is easy to get sick within 2~3 months after hatching, and the mortality rate is very high. Common diseases are:
1, newborn turtles with acute enteritis are particularly delicate and especially foraging. If it lives in an unclean environment, it is easy to get sick. The main symptoms are inflammation of the inner wall of the intestine, intestinal adhesion and foul smell. During treatment, the soft-shelled turtle can be disinfected with 1% potassium permanganate solution first, and then mixed with garlic and tetracycline for feeding, and the drug dosage ratio is greater than11000.
2. Small turtles with damaged epidermis are easy to bite each other and cause damage, thus infecting aquatic microorganisms. During prevention and control, the stocking density can be properly controlled, the pond water can be disinfected regularly, and one tenth of formalin can be used for injured turtles.
3. Back swelling and neck swelling are fed with antibiotics or furacilin mixed with feed.
4, Bell parasitic disease with 8 million copper sulfate solution or 20% potassium permanganate solution soak for 30 minutes.