E-commerce E-commerce is usually abbreviated as EC (electronic commerce), also known as e-commerce. It refers to the use of network technology to exchange data, thus completing the whole business transaction process. E-commerce contains many contents, including not only commercial transactions, but also electronic services provided by government functional departments, e-banking, cross-enterprise collaboration, online shopping and so on. Its original form is telephone, telegraph, e-mail and EDI (Electronic Data Interchange), and today it has developed into the transaction and settlement of goods through the network, making the network truly an important tool of e-commerce, thus forming a complete concept of e-commerce. Online banking, also known as online banking and online banking, means that banks provide customers with traditional services such as account opening, account cancellation, inquiry, reconciliation, intra-bank transfer, inter-bank transfer, credit, online securities, investment and wealth management through the Internet, so that customers can safely and conveniently manage current and fixed deposits, checks, credit cards and personal investments without leaving home. It can be said that online banking is a virtual banking counter on the Internet. Online banking can reduce the number of fixed outlets and operating costs, but as long as users have a PC and a telephone line, they can enjoy uninterrupted service 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, whether at home or on the road. The online banking client is composed of standard PC and browser, which is easy to maintain. Online e-mail communication is also very flexible and convenient, which is convenient for communication between users and banks and within banks. E-wallet is the software that cardholders can use to conduct secure electronic transactions and store transaction records, just like the wallet they carry with them in their lives. E-wallet runs on Windows operating system in Chinese environment. Electronic wallet has the following functions: (1) management of electronic security certificates, including application, storage and deletion of electronic security certificates; (2) Secure electronic transaction: when conducting SET transaction, identify the user's identity and send transaction information; (3) Keeping transaction records: keeping the discipline of each transaction for future inquiry; When a cardholder purchases online, the cardholder's information (such as account number, expiration date, etc.) and payment instructions can be encrypted and verified by e-wallet software. E-wallet can run on the browser software of Microsoft, Netscape and other companies. If the cardholder wants to conduct secure electronic transactions on the Internet that meet the set standards, he must follow the electronic wallet that meets the set standards. The Secure Electronic Transfer Protocol (1997 May 3 1) was jointly designated by VISA of the United States and mastercard international, which was recognized and supported by most manufacturers, and provided a key security environment for developing e-commerce on the Internet. Secure Electronic Transaction Specification (SET) provides rules for implementing security measures for electronic transactions based on credit cards. It is a technical standard jointly formulated by VISA International and MasterCard, which can guarantee the safe payment of funds through an open network. Microsoft, IBM, Netscape and RSA also participated in the research of this standard. SET mainly consists of three files, namely, SET business description, SET programmer's guide and SET protocol description. EDI-based e-commerce EDI came into being in the United States in the late 1960s. EDI is an electronic transmission method, which transmits business documents from one computer to another according to recognized standards. Because EDI greatly reduces paper bills, people call it "paperless trade" or "paperless transaction". Encryption technology Encryption technology is the main security measure taken by e-commerce, and traders can use it in the information exchange stage as needed. At present, encryption technology is divided into two categories, namely symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption. RSA (Rivest, Shamir Adleman) algorithm is the most famous algorithm in the field of asymmetric encryption, but its main problem is its slow operation speed. Therefore, this algorithm is usually not used to encrypt information with a large amount of information in practical applications. For applications with large amount of encryption, public key encryption algorithm is usually used to encrypt the key of symmetric encryption method. Digital signature Digital signature is another application of public key encryption technology. The main way is that the message sender generates a hash value (or message digest) of 128 bits from the message body. The sender encrypts this hash value with his own private key to form the sender's digital signature. Then, the digital signature will be sent to the recipient of the email as an attachment. The receiver of the message first calculates the hash value (or message digest) of 128 bits from the received original message, and then decrypts the digital signature attached to the message with the public key of the sender. If the two hash values are the same, the receiver can confirm that the digital signature belongs to the sender. Digital signature can realize the authentication and non-repudiation of the original message. Intra-enterprise e-commerce refers to the processing and exchange of business information between enterprises through intranet. Intranet is an effective business tool. Through firewalls, enterprises isolate their intranets from the Internet. It can be used to automatically handle business operations and workflows, enhance access to important systems and key data, * * * enjoy the experience, * * * solve customer problems and keep in touch with the organization. E-commerce within enterprises can improve the agility of business activities, respond to market conditions faster and provide better services to customers. Business-to-business electronic commerce (B2B) refers to business-to-business electronic commerce activities through the Internet or private networks. E-commerce (B2C) between enterprises and consumers means that enterprises provide consumers with a new shopping environment-online stores, and consumers shop and pay online through the Internet. Eyeball economy Attention economy, also known as "eyeball economy", refers to the process of optimal allocation of attention, a limited subjective resource and information, a relatively infinite objective resource. In the Internet age, attention is very important, because it can optimize the allocation of social resources and make Internet providers gain huge benefits. Attention becomes a tradable commodity, which is the commercialization of attention. Although attention is limited as an individual resource, it is a very rich resource from the perspective of the whole society, and its regeneration cost is almost negligible, thus producing a multiplier effect. This is also why the number of clicks (visits) and the number of netizens on the Internet are often valued by venture capitalists more than profits. Because the click-through rate can help us decipher the "password" of concern, so as to accurately grasp the market trend. Attention is the first here, and profit is the second. In the Internet age, without attention, there will be no profit, and enterprises without profit will eventually fail. Ear economic listening refers to the ability of people to consume information with their ears, also known as "ear economy". In the network era, as long as people's subjective resources are the ability to consume information, there will be a shortage sooner or later, which will form a bottleneck for people to possess and use information. Once we turn the visual information on the internet into auditory information, we can not only relieve the pressure of insufficient attention, but also make the auditory resources play a role, thus finding another growth point of the network economy. Mouth economy, also known as "mouth economy", is people's ability to control, use and mobilize information through words. Lack of sound power is also a subjective resource shortage. Due to the limitation of current network technology and electronic information technology, it cannot be effectively used to improve people's subjective initiative in consuming information. The development of voice resources is also an important development direction of network economy-idiot. Security authentication system The most prominent problem in developing e-commerce is to solve the security problems in online shopping, trading and settlement, including the establishment of trust among e-commerce subjects, that is, the establishment of security authentication system (CA); Selection of security standards (such as SET, SSL, PKI, etc.). ); Adopt encryption and decryption method and encryption strength. Among them, the key is to establish a security authentication system. The electronic banking business of the safe payment and settlement system makes electronic money gradually replace traditional paper money and play an increasingly important role. With the increase of online transactions, new concepts such as online banking and digital currency have emerged. Whether it is a bank that relies entirely on the network or a traditional bank that uses the network to carry out banking business, security issues are very important. Collaborative operation system The so-called collaborative operation in e-commerce includes industry and commerce, taxation, banking, transportation, commodity inspection, customs, foreign exchange, insurance, telecommunications, certification and other departments. , as well as shopping malls, businesses, enterprises, customers and other units in accordance with certain norms and procedures to cooperate with each other, contact each other, coordinate their work, and complete related e-commerce activities. The cooperative operation system includes: (1) related cooperative operation departments (excluding customers) are interconnected with the electronic mall through dedicated lines or IP tunnels; (2)*** Formulating effective operating norms and procedures agreed by both parties through consultation; (3)*** formulate tariff policies to reduce the operating costs of e-commerce; (4) Perform coordination work (CSCW). Global E-commerce Outline 1 997 July1day, the Clinton administration of the United States issued the Global E-commerce Outline, which defined two major business categories, namely, business-to-business e-commerce and business-to-person e-commerce. The first category mainly emphasizes the EDI connection between enterprises; The second category, enterprises and individuals, for individuals, that is, consumers, e-commerce is what we often say about electronic consumption and online shopping, also known as e-commerce. The focus of these two business categories is different. Most enterprises focus on the operational efficiency of enterprises, and use the network as a whole to enhance the management, distribution and product promotion strength of enterprises. So as to improve the disadvantages brought by the traditional business model, promote new products of enterprises, and enter the market more easily and quickly. Enterprises and individuals, for enterprises, all aim to expand the popularity of enterprise products, have a larger market, and use cross-regional networks to control and master the sales channels more easily. For individuals, electronic consumption is not limited by time and region, and has more autonomy. While consumption becomes convenient, consumers, as individuals, will have more time and energy to complete other life affairs. PHP: Hypertext preprocessor PHP is a cross-platform server-side embedded scripting language. It draws lessons from a large number of grammars of C, Java and Perl languages, and combines its own characteristics, so that WEB developers can quickly write dynamically generated pages. It supports most databases at present and is a sharp weapon for developing e-commerce applications. Online trading market Online trading market is an electronic and networked business platform for e-commerce among enterprises. Through the online trading market, we can change the traditional one-to-one or one-to-many mode of trade into many-to-many mode, and create many online trading spaces where buyers and sellers gather. Buyers and sellers can not only find more trading partners and increase more business opportunities, but also enjoy more convenient and standardized business services and obtain a good business environment.