According to the exchange rate method, the results are as follows:
From 65438 to 0980, the total GDP of developing countries accounted for 23.5% of the world's total GDP, while that of developed countries accounted for 76.5%.
From 65438 to 0985, the total GDP of developing countries accounted for 20.4% of the world's total GDP, while that of developed countries accounted for 79.6%.
1990, the total GDP of developing countries accounted for 15.9% of the total world GDP, and that of developed countries accounted for 84.1%;
1995, the total GDP of developing countries accounted for 18.0% of the world's total GDP, and developed countries accounted for 82.0% of the world's total GDP;
In 2000, the total GDP of developing countries accounted for 19.5% of the total world GDP, while that of developed countries accounted for 80.5% of the total world GDP.
According to the purchasing power parity method, the results are as follows:
From 65438 to 0980, the total GDP of developing countries accounted for 40.6% of the world's total GDP, while that of developed countries accounted for 59.4%.
1985, the total GDP of developing countries accounted for 4 1.2% of the total world GDP, and that of developed countries accounted for 58.8% of the total world GDP;
1990, the total GDP of developing countries accounted for 4 1.2% of the total world GDP, and that of developed countries accounted for 58.8% of the total world GDP;
1995, the total GDP of developing countries accounted for 4 1. 1% of the world's total GDP, and developed countries accounted for 58.9% of the world's total GDP.
In 2000, the total GDP of developing countries accounted for 43.2% of the world's total GDP, while that of developed countries accounted for 56.8%.
The above data show that according to the exchange rate method, the proportion of developing countries in the world economy is very small from 1980, and it shows a downward trend; According to the purchasing power parity method, from 1980 to now, the proportion of developing countries in the world economy is relatively large, and it shows an upward trend.
The ranking of 10, the country with the largest global economy, also shows obviously different results. According to the purchasing power parity method, China, India, Brazil and Russia rank among the top 10 in the world, and their economic status has improved significantly. Among them, China's GDP ranks sixth in the world from the exchange rate method to the purchasing power parity method, second only to the United States; India rose from 13 to the fourth place; Brazil's ranking has not changed, and it is still the ninth; Russia rose from 16 to 10. The following table lists the top 10 countries in the world in 2000:
seating arrangement
Exchange rate method
America 1
2. Japan
3. Germany
4. Britain, Britain
5. France
6. China
7. Italy
8. Canada
9. Brazil
Mexico, 10
Purchasing power parity method
America 1
2. China
3. Japan
4. India
5. Germany
6. France
7. Britain, Britain
8. Italy
9. Brazil
10, Russia
The comparison of the strength of the three major economies of the United States, the European Union and Japan has also changed: according to the purchasing power parity method, the comparison of the economic aggregates of the United States, the European Union and Japan is 100: 94:34, and according to the exchange rate method, the ratio of the three economies is 100:80:49. Judging from the calculation results of purchasing power parity, the European Union's economy is evenly matched with that of the United States, while Japan's economy is relatively small.
It can be seen that the gross domestic product (GDP) measured by exchange rate method and purchasing power parity method is very different in the world.
The exchange rate method underestimates the economic aggregate of developing countries and overestimates the economic aggregate of developed countries. This is because the exchange rate only reflects the price comparison of tradable goods between countries, but does not reflect the price comparison of non-tradable goods such as construction products and various services. The exchange rate is mainly determined by the relationship between supply and demand in the foreign exchange market, and influenced by many factors, such as domestic balance of payments, interest rates, economic growth and even government intervention, speculation, capital flow and so on. At present, exchange rate has become an important means of macroeconomic regulation and control in various countries. Therefore, in the short term, the exchange rate changes greatly and frequently.
The purchasing power parity method overestimates the economic aggregate of developing countries and underestimates the economic aggregate of developed countries. The data source of purchasing power parity method is unreliable, inaccurate and of low quality (especially for developing countries). At present, the statistical survey of purchasing power parity under the framework of the International Comparison Programme has not been popularized and applied in the world. Some developing countries, such as China and India, have not formally participated in ICP projects. In this case, the figures of the world bank's purchasing power parity method (especially those of developing countries) are calculated by a few experts, and the calculation results have great errors. Compared with developed countries, many developing countries are in the stage of economic transformation, and their markets are not open to the outside world. Non-tradable goods with construction products and services as the main content account for a considerable proportion. Besides, the quality of these non-tradable goods is very poor. If we compare these low-quality nontradable goods with high-quality goods and services in the international market, it will obviously overestimate the purchasing power of developing countries, and then overestimate their economic scale. Governments in developing countries subsidize education, medical care, rent, wages and other items to varying degrees, so their prices are seriously distorted. The summary method of purchasing power parity also overestimates the economic scale of underdeveloped countries to some extent.
In contrast, the real parity (ARV) theory, because it absorbs the reasonable core of the exchange rate method and purchasing power parity method, eliminates the defects of the exchange rate method and purchasing power parity method, so its calculation results are closer to the objective reality. The result of ARV method is between exchange rate method and purchasing power parity method. According to the exchange rate method, the per capita GDP of China in 2000 was more than 800 dollars; According to the purchasing power parity method, the per capita GDP of China in 2000 was between three and four thousand dollars; According to the actual price comparison, the per capita GDP of China in 2000 was more than 2000 dollars.