So what is the essence and purpose of credit supervision? What is the difference with traditional credit supervision? How to realize credit supervision? What major measures has the state taken to promote the implementation of credit supervision policies?
1. What is the nature and purpose of credit supervision?
As an important part of the construction of social credit system, the essence of credit supervision is to implement differentiated supervision means according to the credit status of market subjects, so as to realize "making much ado about nothing" for the trustworthy and "hanging a sword high" for the untrustworthy, thus improving the supervision efficiency and enhancing the ability and level of social governance.
On the one hand, credit supervision realizes the allocation of supervision resources in key areas, key links and key objects that need to be supervised by innovating supervision concepts, supervision systems and supervision methods, effectively improving supervision efficiency, maintaining fair competition and reducing market transaction costs.
On the other hand, while emphasizing the in-depth promotion of joint punishment for dishonesty, it is proposed that market subjects and related responsible persons who have serious dishonesty in areas directly related to people's lives and property safety, such as food, medicine and ecological environment, should implement measures to ban markets and industries within a certain period of time, greatly increase the illegal cost of dishonesty and safeguard the vital interests of the people.
Second, what is the difference compared with traditional supervision?
Compared with traditional supervision, the new credit supervision mainly has the following characteristics:
First, it runs through the whole life cycle of market players. Different from the traditional intermittent supervision mode, credit supervision is a new supervision mechanism, which runs through the whole life cycle of market participants before, during and after the event. In the pre-supervision link, market participants should make a commitment, emphasize education, make use of reports, and improve their awareness of operating in good faith according to law. In the process of supervision, we will comprehensively establish credit records of market participants and vigorously promote credit classification supervision. In the post-event supervision, it is emphasized to use the "sword" of joint punishment for dishonesty.
The second is to implement classified supervision according to different credit conditions. The traditional regulatory model exerts an average force on all regulatory subjects, which has high regulatory costs, great pressure on market subjects and many interferences. The new supervision mechanism based on credit is to adopt differentiated supervision measures according to the credit rating of market players, so that the trustworthy can "have nothing to fear" and the untrustworthy can "hang a sword high", thus improving the supervision efficiency and allowing the supervision force to "use good steel on the cutting edge".
The third is to implement precise supervision based on big data and credit evaluation. Compared with traditional supervision methods, credit supervision emphasizes the use of "internet plus" and big data, effectively integrates all kinds of credit information, establishes a risk pre-judgment and early warning mechanism, finds and prevents emerging, cross-industry and cross-regional risks as soon as possible, and lays a solid foundation for the regulatory authorities to carry out precise supervision. At the same time, credit supervision also emphasizes that it is necessary to give full play to the role of various credit evaluations such as public credit comprehensive evaluation and industry credit evaluation, accurately describe the credit status of market players, and provide a basis for regulatory authorities to carry out differentiated supervision.
Fourth, it needs coordinated supervision across regions, departments and the whole society. Different from the traditional supervision mode, credit supervision strengthens the cooperative supervision between regions and departments, including the cooperation of credit supervision mechanism, business and information system. At the same time, it also supports the active participation of social forces, encourages the full play of the role of industry organizations and third-party credit service institutions, and integrates to form a strong synergy for the whole society to participate in credit supervision.
Third, how to implement credit supervision?
Classified supervision is the main way to implement new credit supervision.
Classified supervision is to take differentiated supervision measures according to the credit status of enterprises. For market entities with good credit and low risk, the proportion and frequency of spot checks should be reasonably reduced to reduce the impact on normal production and operation; For market players who violate laws and regulations and have high risks, it is necessary to increase the proportion and frequency of spot checks and conduct strict supervision according to laws and regulations, so as to "let the trustworthy reduce the cost and let the untrustworthy pay the price".
Credit evaluation is the basic basis of hierarchical supervision. With the rapid development of credit service institutions and big data technology, we can conduct instant and full coverage credit evaluation of enterprises to support classified supervision.
For example, the comprehensive evaluation results of public credit in key areas such as natural gas, coal-related, road passenger transport, etc. have been pushed to relevant industry supervision departments, industry associations, chambers of commerce and financial institutions for reference and application, and notified to all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in different regions to implement classified supervision on the evaluated enterprises.
4. What measures has China taken to promote the implementation of credit supervision?
One point for deployment and nine points for implementation. In the process of promoting the implementation of credit supervision, the state mainly adopts the following measures:
The first is to strengthen overall coordination. The National Development and Reform Commission will give full play to the role of the leading department of the Inter-Ministerial Joint Conference on the Construction of Social Credit System, promote various departments in various regions, refine the division of responsibilities, improve supporting systems, and implement various policies and measures for credit supervision. At the same time, give full play to the synergy of trade associations, chambers of commerce and third-party credit service institutions, and integrate them to form a joint force to promote credit supervision.
The second is to carry out pilot demonstrations. The National Development and Reform Commission will organize pilot demonstrations of credit construction and credit supervision around key tasks such as credit commitment, credit repair, joint punishment for dishonesty and development and utilization of credit big data. On the basis of exploration and innovation in various regions and departments, timely summarize, refine and exchange good experiences and practices in credit construction and credit supervision, and replicate and promote them in a wider scope.
The third is to do a good job in propaganda and interpretation. The National Development and Reform Commission and the People's Bank of China held a national teleconference, which made overall arrangements for credit supervision. In the future, we will hold policy knowledge training classes, use newspapers and magazines, Weibo, WeChat and other new media to strengthen publicity and reporting, do a good job in policy publicity and interpretation of market players, and constantly create a good social atmosphere for credit supervision.