1. The Bank of England (known as the Bank of England in Hong Kong) was established in 1694. Its original task was to act as a bank for the British government, and this task is still valid today. The Bank of England Building is located in Threadheedle Street in London, because there are "old women" or "old women" on the street. Mervyn King, the current governor of the Bank of England, succeeded Sir Edward George, the former governor, on June 30th, 2003.
Second, the Bank of England. The earliest central bank in the world is the originator of the central banking system in various countries. 1694 was established under the charter of the king of England, with a share capital of10.2 million, which was respected by the society. At the beginning of its establishment, it was granted the right to issue banknotes that did not exceed the total capital. The main purpose was to advance funds for the government. By 1833, the Bank of England had obtained the advice of unlimited legal compensation for paper money. 1844, the British Parliament passed the Banking Franchise Ordinance (Act Ordinance), which stipulated that the Bank of England was divided into the issuing department and the banking department: the issuing department was responsible for issuing bank notes with the same amount as the securities of 6,543,804 pounds and unnecessary metal storage in the business; It also stipulates the issuance quota of other banks that have obtained the right to issue. Since then, Engel Bank has gradually monopolized the right to issue currency in the whole country, becoming the only issuing bank in 1928 Britain. At the same time, the Bank of England, whose status is improving day by day, undertakes the transfer and write-off of creditor's rights and debts between commercial banks, and finally compensates for the exchange of bills. It accepts the rediscount of bills from commercial banks when the economy is booming, and acts as the lender of last resort to commercial banks when the economic crisis strikes, thus gaining the trust of commercial banks and finally establishing the status of "bank of banks".
3. With London becoming the world financial center, the Bank of England has formed flexible rediscount policy and open market activities according to actual needs, which has become the model and foundation of modern central bank theory and business. June 19337 set up a "foreign exchange equalization account" to act as an agent for the state treasury. After 1946, the Bank of England was nationalized and remained the central bank under the Ministry of Finance. It holds the accounts of the state treasury, discount companies, banks and other private customers, and undertakes the management of government debts. Its main task is still to decide the country's fiscal policy according to the requirements of the government. The head office of the Bank of England is located in London, and its functional institutions are divided into three parts: policy and market, financial structure and supervision, and business and service, with 15 bureaus (departments). At that time, the Bank of England had eight branches in Birmingham, Bristol, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Southampton, Newcastle and London Court District.
4. The Bank of England enjoys the privilege of issuing bank notes in England and Wales. Ordinary commercial banks issue bank notes in Scotland and Northern Ireland, but the bank notes issued in England are used for preparation; As a lender of last resort, it keeps the deposit reserve of commercial banks and acts as a bill settlement bank to supervise commercial banks and other financial institutions in Britain; As a government bank, it acts as an agent of the national treasury, stabilizes the value of the pound and participates in all international financial institutions on behalf of the government. Therefore, the Bank of England has the characteristics of "issuing bank, bank bank and government bank" as a typical central bank.
5. The Bank of England is led by the board of directors, which is composed of 65,438+06 directors and is the highest decision-making body. The finished product was recommended by the government, and the British director ordered to meet once a week. The term of office of the president and vice president is five years, and the directors leave by turns every four years, and four people leave at the end of February every year. The Security Council elected several permanent members to preside over the affairs. There are five special committees under the Council: the Standing Committee, the Audit Committee, the Personnel and Finance Committee and the Electronic Banknote Brush Committee. Directors must be British nationals under the age of 65, but members of the House of Commons and government workers are not allowed.