During the period of 1978- 199 1, the growth of China's trade volume and foreign investment started slowly, and the international OEM model and foreign capital introduction were still in the exploration stage. During this period, processing trade developed into one of the main export forces.
In the early 1990s, the establishment of Pudong New Area in Shanghai and the goal of establishing a socialist market economic system formally put forward by the central government greatly encouraged foreign investors to make direct investment. In the period after 1992, foreign capital showed a rapid growth trend, and the growth rate of import and export trade also increased significantly.
200 1 China's accession to the WTO and its accelerated integration into the global trading system have become another key node in the development of China's open economy. In order to fulfill its WTO commitments, China has continuously deepened its reforms, and the resulting institutional dividend has greatly promoted the development of China's foreign trade.
After the global financial crisis broke out in 2008, China took decisive measures to minimize the impact of external shocks on China's economy, took the lead in achieving economic development and trade growth in a difficult situation, and promoted further changes in the global economic and trade pattern.
20 13 China has become the world's largest trader of goods, which indicates that China has been successfully embedded in the global value chain dominated by developed countries and has realized the transformation from a "small trading country" to a "big trading country".
Extended data
Comrade Deng Xiaoping, the chief architect of reform and opening-up, once pointed out profoundly: "If a country wants to achieve real political independence, it must strive to get rid of poverty. To get rid of poverty, we must base ourselves on our own reality in economic policy and foreign policy, without setting obstacles for ourselves and being isolated from the world. "
From 65438 to 0978, China's total import and export trade accounted for only 0.78% of the total world trade. China's exports only account for 0.75% of the world's total exports, ranking 34th in the world.
1978- 1989, the last year 12, China's trade deficit was nine years, with a cumulative deficit of $46.8 billion and an average annual deficit of $3.9 billion. The national foreign exchange reserve resources are in a hurry, and the annual balance of foreign exchange reserves from 65438 to 0979 is only 840 million US dollars.
1978- 1982, 920 foreign-invested enterprises were newly established in China, and the actually utilized foreign capital was * * *17.69 million USD.
Due to the differences in economic development stages and factor endowments among countries, the development and expansion of global value chains usually have a conduction process. China's opening to the outside world coincides with the third wave of globalization driven by the development of global value chains.
The gradual opening to the outside world and the domestic reform characterized by marketization complement each other, making China gradually integrate into the global economic and trade system.
Baidu encyclopedia-opening to the outside world