1, sustained and balanced economic growth;
2. Full employment
3. The price level is stable;
4. Balance of payments. The balance of payments is divided into static balance and dynamic balance, autonomous balance and passive balance. Static balance means that at the end of a year, there is no surplus or deficit in a country's international payments; Dynamic balance does not emphasize the balance of international payments in a certain year, but takes the planned period that may be realized in actual economic operation as the balance cycle to maintain the balance of international payments in the planned period. Independent balance refers to the balance of international payments achieved through independent transactions, that is, transactions that occur independently for the pursuit of profits or other interests based on commercial motives; Passive balance refers to the balance of international payments achieved through compensatory transactions, that is, a country's monetary authorities take regulatory transactions to make up for the imbalance of independent transactions.
The goal of international balance of payments requires the exchange rate to be stable, the foreign exchange reserves to be increased, and the import and export to be balanced. The balance of payments is not to balance a country's current account and capital account in the balance of payments account, nor to passively prevent exchange rate changes and foreign exchange reserves changes, but to increase a country's foreign exchange reserves. The moderate increase of foreign exchange reserves is regarded as the basic sign of the improvement of international balance of payments. At the same time, a country's balance of payments not only reflects its foreign economic exchanges, but also reflects its economic stability.
The above four goals are complementary and alternate. Complementarity means that the realization of one goal can promote the realization of another. If we want to achieve full employment, we must maintain the necessary economic growth. Alternating relationship means that the realization of one goal repels another. If there is a dilemma between price stability and full employment. In order to achieve full employment, it is necessary to stimulate aggregate demand and expand employment, which generally requires the implementation of expansionary fiscal and monetary policies, which will lead to an increase in the price level. In order to curb inflation, it is necessary to tighten finance and money, which will lead to an increase in unemployment. Another example is that there is a mutually exclusive relationship between economic growth and price stability. Because inflation is inevitable in the process of economic growth. For another example, there is an alternating relationship between domestic equilibrium and international equilibrium. The domestic equilibrium here refers to full employment and price stability, while the international equilibrium refers to the balance of payments. In order to achieve domestic balance, it may reduce the competitiveness of domestic products in the international market, which is not conducive to the balance of payments. In order to achieve a balance of payments, it may not be conducive to achieving the goals of full employment and price stability.
Therefore, when making economic policies, we must judge the value of economic policy objectives, weigh the priorities and pros and cons, determine the realization order of objectives and the level of target indicators, and at the same time make each objective have the best matching combination, so that the selected and determined target system can become a harmonious organic whole.