Hedging is a financial term that means that one investment deliberately reduces the risk of another investment. This is a way to reduce business risks while still making profits from investment. General hedging is to conduct two transactions at the same time, both related to the market, in the opposite direction, with the same amount and breakeven. Market correlation refers to the unity of market supply and demand that affects the prices of two commodities. If the relationship between supply and demand changes, it will affect the prices of two commodities at the same time, and the prices will change in the same direction. The opposite direction means that the buying and selling directions of two transactions are opposite, so that no matter which direction the price changes, there is always a profit and a loss. Of course, in order to protect the capital, the number of two transactions must be determined according to the range of their respective price changes, so that the number is roughly the same.

: hedging mode:

I. Hedging of stock index futures:

Hedging of stock index futures refers to the behavior of taking advantage of the unreasonable price of stock index futures market, participating in the trading of stock index futures and stock spot market at the same time, or trading stock index contracts with different maturities and different (but similar) categories at the same time to earn the difference. Arbitrage of stock index futures can be divided into cash hedging, intertemporal hedging, cross-market hedging and cross-variety hedging.

Second, commodity futures hedging.

Similar to the hedging of stock index futures, commodity futures also have hedging strategies. When buying or selling a futures contract, they sell or buy another related contract and close both contracts at a certain time. It is similar to hedging in transaction form, but hedging is to buy (or sell) physical objects in the spot market and sell (or buy) futures contracts in the futures market; Arbitrage only buys and sells contracts in the futures market, and does not involve spot trading. Commodity futures arbitrage mainly includes cash hedging, intertemporal hedging, cross-market arbitrage and cross-variety arbitrage.

Third, statistical hedging.

Different from risk-free hedging, statistical hedging is a kind of risk arbitrage by using the historical statistical law of securities prices, and its risk lies in whether this historical statistical law will continue to exist in the future. The main idea of statistical hedging is to find out several pairs of investment varieties (stocks or futures, etc.). ) has the best correlation, and then find out the long-term equilibrium relationship (cointegration relationship) of each pair of investment varieties. When the price difference (residual of cointegration equation) of a pair of varieties deviates to a certain extent, they start to open positions-buying relatively undervalued varieties, shorting relatively overvalued varieties, and taking profits when the price difference returns to equilibrium. The main contents of statistical hedging include stock matching transaction, stock index hedging, securities lending hedging and foreign exchange hedging transaction.

Fourth, option hedging.

Option, also known as option, is a derivative financial instrument based on futures. The essence of option is to price the rights and obligations in the financial field separately, so that the transferee of the right can exercise his right to trade or not to trade within a specified time, and the obligor must perform it. When trading options, the buyer is called the buyer and the seller is called the seller. The buyer is the transferee of the right, and the seller is the obligor who must fulfill the buyer's right. The advantages of options are unlimited income and limited risk loss. Therefore, in many cases, using options instead of futures for short-selling and hedging transactions will have less risk and higher returns than simply using futures arbitrage.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) fixed hedge

Private placement, as one of the important ways of equity refinancing, has been widely concerned by the outside world because the price of private placement is often higher than the market price at the time of private placement.

I hope I can help you!