1. In order to ensure that commercial banks have sufficient anti-risk ability and reserve payment ability, the central bank requires commercial banks to deposit reserves in the central bank, which are divided into general reserves and excess reserves; Excess reserve refers to the reserve that exceeds the general reserve, also known as excess reserve;

2. The general reserve is mandatory and cannot be used as required; Excess reserve can be used, so it can be lent to enterprises in full;

3. The sale of government bonds by the central bank in the open market is a way to recover liquidity and belongs to monetary policy. Since it is to recover money, it is generally considered to be austerity.