Learning requires mastering the correct learning methods. We also have some skills in answering general exams. Here are some ideas and skills for solving subjective questions of political measures in the college entrance examination, hoping to help you!

ideas and skills of solving subjective questions about political measures in college entrance examination

1. ideas and skills of solving problems

2. the key to solving problems about measures is to know who is the implementer of measures. There are several angles for the implementers of measures, such as: party, country, government, citizens, enterprises, consumers, individuals, etc., and a certain content to be answered is specified.

(1) Grasping the subject

"What to do" questions are generally given who the subject is and what to do, such as: party, state, government, state organs (power organs, legislatures, administrative organs, judicial organs, violent organs), people's congresses, CPPCC, different countries, citizens, enterprises, consumers, laborers and individuals. Answer different contents from the perspective of different subjects and roles in the context of topic setting, and the answers are in line with the role identity. For example, economic topics: we can think about it this way: find out the main body of how to do it: the state, producers and operators, consumers or public opinion; Look for specific measures: macroscopically think about it from two aspects: giving full play to the role of the market and strengthening the macro-control of the country; Micro-thinking: market-oriented, scientific and technological innovation, management innovation, system innovation, structural adjustment, macro-control, public opinion supervision, moral restraint, laws and regulations, etc.

(2) Use the fixed-point method to solve this kind of problems

The specific problem-solving ideas are as follows:

First, find methods from textbooks. We should seriously recall the knowledge related to the textbook and not think about it at will;

the second is to find ways from materials. If the material presents a problem, then the opposite of the problem in the material is the method. For example, the opposite of planting a single one is diversification; The opposite of low technical level is to develop high technology, rejuvenate the country through science and technology, and arm enterprises and workers with advanced science and technology; The opposite of unemployment is to expand employment. If the material presents the correct practice, then it is only necessary to summarize the specific practice in the material and combine it with the content of the textbook.

the third is to find ways from current political hotspots and major policies of the party and the state. Specific problem-solving procedures: fixed point-contact-sorting-answer.

in case you can't do it, I'll teach you a trick: rewrite the material and don't leave a blank space. Rewriting materials, but not copying them, should be organized and rearranged, which will have unexpected effects; If you leave a blank space, you will get zero points.

II. Integration of subject knowledge

(1) Economic measures:

(1) Description of domestic economic measures

① Focusing on economic construction, vigorously liberating and developing productive forces.

② adhere to and improve all systems in which public ownership is the main body and various forms of ownership develop together; Promote the diversification of the forms of public ownership, make the shareholding system the main form of public ownership, and vigorously develop non-public ownership.

③ Adhere to and improve the distribution system with distribution according to work as the main body and multiple modes of distribution coexisting, and give priority to efficiency. At the same time, adjust personal income through distribution policies and tax policies to give consideration to fairness and establish a social security system. Expand employment and reemployment. Follow the principle of market transactions, abide by the laws and regulations of market economy, carry out fair competition and oppose unfair competition. (4) Give full play to the basic role of the market in resource allocation, and comprehensively use economic, legal and administrative means to strengthen macro-control; Change the mode of economic development from extensive to intensive; Promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, take the road of new industrialization, vigorously develop the tertiary industry and develop circular economy. .

⑤ face the market and follow the law of value; Pay attention to independent innovation, rely on science and technology and management to improve economic efficiency; Business operators should constantly improve their political quality, professional ethics and professional quality, carry out fair competition and establish a good reputation and image.

⑥ (Agriculture) Fundamental measures: Take the road of developing high-yield, high-quality and efficient agriculture, and stabilize and improve the Party's policies in rural areas. The key is to develop agricultural science and technology, increase agricultural investment and actively develop agricultural industrialization.

Industry should supplement agriculture and cities should support rural areas, improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and build a new socialist countryside.

(Industry) We must revitalize the pillar industries in China and take a new road to industrialization.

(tertiary industry) Vigorously develop the tertiary industry.

(2) Describe foreign economic measures

① Actively open wider to the outside world and integrate into the wave of economic globalization; ② Give full play to the role of the World Economic Organization in coordinating international economic relations and strengthening international cooperation; ③ Establish a new international economic order, eliminate unequal exchange and develop international trade on the basis of equality and mutual benefit; (4) (China) further opening up and implementing the strategy of "going out"; ⑤ Adhere to the principles of independence and self-reliance, equality and mutual benefit.

(3) Describe the current political and economic measures

Implement Scientific Outlook on Development, build a conservation-oriented society, build a new socialist countryside, and pay attention to independent innovation.

(4) Describe the economic measures of the actors

① State: Improve laws and regulations, and comprehensively apply economic, legal and necessary administrative means to strengthen macro-control. Rectify and standardize the market economic order. Improve the social security system, labor contract system, distribution system and basic economic system.

② the relationship between use value and value of enterprise goods; (Because enterprises produce goods, we should pay attention to product quality. )

Grasp the market information, adjust the product structure, and organize marketable products for the market; Strengthen management, improve the quality of workers, and improve individual labor productivity; Adopt advanced technology, carry out technological development and innovation (independent innovation), and build innovative enterprises; Carry out energy conservation and emission reduction, develop circular economy, build ecological civilization and build resource-saving and environment-friendly enterprises; Enterprises should take the road of new industrialization. Change the mode of economic growth, adjust the economic structure, and produce more products that meet the needs of society with less resources and lower costs. Improve the economic benefits of enterprises.

Operators must have good quality, improve the quality of enterprise workers and safeguard their legitimate rights and interests;

enterprises should do a good job in after-sales service, establish a good reputation and image, implement brand-name strategy, adhere to fair competition and oppose vicious competition; Enterprises must follow the law of value and do things according to it; We should consciously abide by the principles of market transactions and maintain the order of the market economy. Safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. We must implement the strategies of "bringing in" and "going out".

We should learn to use international trade rules to safeguard our own rights and interests. ③ Individuals: the rights and obligations of workers should be unified, consumers should establish a correct consumption concept, and advocate moderate consumption, coordinated consumption, scientific waste and green consumption. Adhere to hard work, thrift; Consumers should adhere to the unity of rights and obligations; Taxpayers should adhere to the unity of rights and obligations.

(II) Political Measures

1. The government emphasizes a fundamental starting point: the nature of the country (people-oriented, safeguarding people's interests). Three principles. Four internal functions and three external functions. Transforming government functions and building a service-oriented government. Strengthen the construction of democratic politics. Safeguard and realize citizens' rights and freedoms.

2. Party nature (two vanguards, Theory of Three Represents) purpose; Status (leading core, ruling party); Three ways of leadership; Three kinds of ruling methods and three aspects of construction (① ruling ability construction; ② Thought, style and organizational construction; ③ Democratic centralism. Take development as the top priority in governing and rejuvenating the country. Practice Scientific Outlook on Development and Theory of Three Represents.

3. What is the relationship between citizens and the state? It is a unified and harmonious relationship. The organs of state power are democratically elected, and state power comes from the people, who are the masters of the country. Politically, Chinese citizens enjoy a wide range of political rights and freedoms, and the state protects citizens' political rights and freedoms according to law; Citizens should fulfill their obligations to safeguard national interests.

① adhere to the principle that all citizens are equal before the law; Adhere to the principle of the unity of citizens' rights and obligations; ③ Adhere to the principle of combining individual interests with national interests.

4. Commonly used in international relations: a fundamental starting point-safeguarding national interests. Two major themes-peace and development; The essence of international competition; The obligations of sovereign States, the roles of international organizations and the United Nations, and China's foreign policy. Five principles of peace.

5. Remember a policy on ethnic issues-the system of regional ethnic autonomy; Three principles; New ethnic relations; State support and technical financial support in developed areas; The resource advantages of ethnic areas and the self-reliance and hard struggle of cadres and the masses. Four sentences about religious policy. (Respect and protect the freedom of religious belief, strengthen the management of religious affairs according to law, guide religion to adapt to socialist society, and adhere to the policy of running religion independently)

(3) Philosophical measures:

Combining with material analysis and answer, the answer mode is: principle+methodology+specific measures.

1. Find out the measures to solve what problems in the topic.

2. Summarize these measures from the perspective of economic or political common sense. Generally, it is to find solutions to the problems existing in materials. We must find a breakthrough from the materials.

3. Analyze what philosophical truth these measures embody. And classified according to philosophy.

4. To solve this kind of problem, it is not a simple answer principle and methodology, but the key is the measures to solve it.

Example 1. Material 1 Xinjiang is an important energy producing area in China and an important base for China's western development and opening up. Since the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, Xinjiang has relied on science and technology to vigorously develop energy industries such as oil and natural gas, and actively developed clean energy such as wind energy, solar energy and coal seams. At present, Xinjiang has become the most potential energy producing area in China, and it is also a trump card to ensure China's energy security. At the same time, relying on its geographical advantages, Xinjiang has developed cooperation with Central Asian countries in the fields of economy, trade, energy, security and humanities on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, and local and non-governmental exchanges have also increased day by day, bringing tangible benefits to the people of all countries.

material 2 China's oil is mainly imported from west Asia and north Africa. In 27, China's crude oil imports reached a record high. Due to the rising international oil price, the import unit price has risen sharply. According to the average import unit price in 26, China paid an extra $15.262 billion in 27.

Combining materials I and II and applying relevant philosophical knowledge, this paper analyzes how to do a good job in energy security in China

① Internal factors are the basis for the change and development of things, and attention should be paid to internal factors. The key to solving energy problems in China is to rely on itself and base itself on the domestic market, and China's development and utilization of energy in Xinjiang is the concrete embodiment of ensuring energy security based on the domestic market; (4 points) ② External factors are the conditions for things to change and develop, so we should attach importance to external factors. China should actively carry out international cooperation in solving energy problems, and China should actively cooperate with other countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. (4 points) (3) Things are changing and developing. We should look at the problem from the perspective of development, keep pace with the times, and cultivate the spirit of innovation. On the energy issue, China's implementation of import diversification and leading technology to actively develop all kinds of clean energy are innovative measures to solve energy problems and ensure energy security.

Example 2. The Central Committee pointed out that to promote rural reform, farmers' rights and interests must be effectively protected. To this end, we must adhere to the people-oriented principle, respect the wishes of farmers, and strive to solve the most concerned, direct and realistic interests of farmers. Give full play to farmers' main role and initiative, and rely on hundreds of millions of farmers to build a new socialist countryside.

combining with the third material, from the perspective of historical materialism, this paper analyzes how to effectively protect farmers' rights and interests in the process of promoting rural reform

(1) establish and adhere to the correct values, play the guiding role of the correct values (or adhere to the correct value standards), strive to practice Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development, and strive to solve the most concerned, direct and realistic interests of farmers.

(2) adhere to the value orientation of collectivism, correctly handle the relationship between individuals and others, respect farmers' wishes, take the initiative to care for farmers, respect their legitimate interests, and take the realization, maintenance and development of the fundamental interests of farmers as the starting point and end result of all rural work.

(3) Establish the mass viewpoint, adhere to the mass line, trust the masses, rely on the masses, strive for the interests of the people, give full play to the farmers' main role and initiative, and rely on hundreds of millions of farmers to build a new socialist countryside.

Third, the specific measures in the teaching materials:

Political common sense: (1) How to build socialist democratic politics; (2) How to perform the functions of the state (how to exercise the economic functions of the government); (3) How to uphold and improve the people's congress system; (4) How to safeguard citizens' rights and freedoms; (5) How to adhere to the principle of being accountable to the people; (6) How to govern the country according to law; and (7) How to solve the Taiwan Province issue. Realizing the complete reunification of the motherland (8) How to safeguard national unity, national unity and national security honor interests (1) How to strengthen party building, how to adhere to scientific, democratic and legal governance (11) How to achieve national equality, unity and prosperity (12) How to implement China's ethnic and religious policies (13) How to adhere to China's foreign policy? And so on

economic common sense: (1) how to curb inflation or control deflation; (2) how to adhere to the dominant position of public ownership; (3) how to improve China's distribution system; (4) how to further improve the socialist market economic system; (6) how to improve the economic benefits of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises; (6) how to establish a good reputation and image of enterprises; (8) how to strengthen the basic position of agriculture; and (9) how to take a new approach to industry. The road to industrialization ⑽ How to establish and improve the social security system ⑾ How to play the role of finance and taxation in the national economy ⑿ How to establish a correct view of consumption ⑿ How to deal with the relationship between accumulation and consumption (14) How to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers and consumers (15) How to develop foreign economic relations? Wait;

IV. Training and comment

(1) Measures to improve the Party's ruling ability and strengthen Party building from the perspective of political common sense (how to maintain the Party's advanced nature)

① Arm the whole Party with the important thoughts of Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, and constantly improve the Marxist theoretical level of the whole Party; ② Deepen the reform of the cadre and personnel system, and build a contingent of high-quality cadres who are good at governing state affairs; ③ Be firm in politics, be pragmatic, and be pioneering and innovative.