Investment risk refers to the uncertainty of future investment income, the risk of income loss or even principal loss in investment. For example, stocks may be locked up, bonds may not be able to repay the principal and interest on time, and real estate may fall. These are all investment risks. Investors need to choose financial instruments according to their investment objectives and risk preferences. For example, diversification is an effective and scientific method to control risks, and it is also the most common investment method. Allocating investment in a proper proportion among various investment tools such as bonds, stocks and cash can reduce risks on the one hand and improve returns on the other. Because diversification and asset allocation involve a variety of investment industries and financial instruments, wealth billionaires suggest that investors should consult financial planners before making diversified high-quality investments.

Investment risk is the performance of risk phenomenon in the investment process. Specifically, investment risk refers to the deviation between actual investment income and expected income due to uncontrollable or random factors from making investment decisions to the end of investment period. The deviation between the actual investment income and the expected income may be that the former is higher than the latter and the former is lower than the latter. In other words, there are both the possibility of economic loss and the possibility of gaining additional income, which are all manifestations of investment risk.

Investment is always accompanied by risks. There are different risks in different stages of investment, and investment risks will change with the progress of investment activities. The nature and consequences of risks in different stages of investment are also different. Investment risk generally has the characteristics of poor predictability, poor compensation, long risk existence period, great loss and influence, great risk difference among different projects, and coexistence and cross-combination of various risk factors.

Business risk refers to the risk that the decision-makers and managers of the company make mistakes in business management, which leads to the change of the company's profit level, which leads to the decline of investors' expected income or future income, and the increase of costs due to exchange rate changes.

According to the Auditing Standards for Certified Public Accountants, operational risk comes from major situations, events, environments and actions that adversely affect the realization of the objectives and strategies of the audited entity, or from inappropriate objectives and strategies.

Basic classification of business risks:

From the accounting point of view, business risk is an uncertain financial loss. As far as the causes and results of its formation are concerned, it can be divided into:

1. Pure risk and speculative risk. The difference between these two risks lies in the different results caused by risks. There are only two kinds of results caused by pure risk, one is damaged and the other is undamaged. Such as transportation risk, property risk and employee safety risk in enterprise operation. There are three kinds of results caused by speculative risk: profit, capital preservation or loss. Such as securities investment risk, foreign exchange trading risk, marketing risk and so on.

2. Static risk and dynamic risk. The difference between these two risks lies in the different reasons for their formation. Static risk is caused by natural forces or people's wrong behavior, while dynamic risk is caused by changes in economic or social structure. The former is like earthquakes and shipwrecks, while the latter is like exchange rate changes, tax reform, energy crisis and so on.

For the business community in China, which is growing rapidly and the social environment is changing rapidly, business risks are often caused by many reasons. Therefore, the accounting countermeasures of enterprise management risk should also be diversified.