2009 is called the "Year of Reform", and its reforms are mainly reflected in:

1. Guiding ideology and overall requirements

Guiding ideology. Guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of "Three Represents", we must thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, fully implement the spirit of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Third Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Economic Work Conference, and use crisis response as an opportunity to deepen reform. , focusing on expanding domestic demand, maintaining growth, adjusting structure, and benefiting people's livelihood, effectively promote reforms in key areas and key links, and promote the formation of systems and mechanisms that are conducive to scientific development and social harmony.

General requirements. Combining a focus on the present with a long-term perspective, seize the opportunity to eliminate outstanding contradictions that restrict current economic and social development and deep-seated institutional obstacles that affect long-term development; combine strengthening macro-control with giving play to the role of market mechanisms, further improve market mechanisms, and improve Improve the level of macro-control and enhance the inherent vitality of economic development; combine overall deployment with local pilot projects to fully mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of the central, local and people, and form a new situation in which the whole society jointly promotes reform; combine coping with challenges with Seize opportunities and combine them to coordinate the timing, intensity and pace of reform measures.

2. Accelerate the transformation of government economic management functions and stimulate market investment vitality

Continue to reduce and adjust administrative approval items, and effectively shift government functions to mainly serve market entities and create good development The environment comes up (led by the Supervision Department). Combined with the reform of local government institutions, explore the establishment of institutional mechanisms that are conducive to promoting the transformation of local government functions (led by the Central Organization Office). Establish a coordination and cooperation mechanism for fiscal policy, monetary policy, industrial policy, and investment policy, and improve the macro-control policy system (the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, and the People's Bank of China are responsible). Deepen the reform of the investment system, revise and publish the catalog of government-approved investment projects, minimize the scope of approval, and delegate approval authority; promptly study and draft government investment regulations and enterprise investment project approval and filing management regulations, further standardize and optimize investment management procedures, and improve Efficiency; improve the government investment management mechanism, steadily implement the agency construction system for non-operating government investment projects, establish and improve the post-evaluation of investment projects, major project publicity and accountability systems; scientifically define the areas and scope of government investment, and give full play to the impact of government investment on social investment Guiding and driving role (led by the National Development and Reform Commission).

3. Deepen the reform of monopoly industries and expand the areas and channels for private investment

Accelerate research on encouraging private capital to enter important fields such as petroleum, railways, electricity, telecommunications, and municipal public facilities. policies to drive social investment (the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Commerce, and the Electricity Regulatory Commission are responsible). We must promptly study and formulate a reform plan for the railway system and accelerate the reform of the railway investment and financing system (the Ministry of Railways, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Finance are responsible). Continue to deepen the reform of the telecommunications system, formulate and introduce supporting regulatory policies, and accelerate the formation of an effective market competition pattern; deepen the reform of the postal system and promote the reorganization and restructuring of the postal express logistics business (the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Transport, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Finance are responsible ). Implement relevant national regulations, realize two-way entry of radio, television and telecommunications companies, and promote substantial progress in "triple network integration" (the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Finance are responsible). Accelerate the separation of primary and secondary power grid enterprises and the reform of the rural power system (the National Development and Reform Commission, the Electricity Regulatory Commission, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the Energy Bureau, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Water Resources are responsible). Formulate and issue a reform plan for the salt industry management system (the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology are responsible for this). Accelerate the reform of municipal public utilities and expand the scope of franchises such as urban water supply, heating and gas supply, sewage treatment, and garbage disposal (the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Water Resources are responsible).

IV. Vigorously promote the reform of resource product prices and energy conservation and environmental protection systems, and strive to transform the development model

Continue to deepen the reform of electricity prices and establish an on-grid electricity price formation mechanism that is compatible with moderate competition in the power generation sector. ; Promote the reform of electricity transmission and distribution prices; adjust the classification structure of sales electricity prices to reduce cross-subsidies between electricity prices for various types of users; rationalize the relationship between coal and electricity prices in a timely manner; study and formulate policies for universal rural electricity services (led by the National Development and Reform Commission). Promote pilot projects for direct power purchase and bilateral transactions by large users (the Electricity Regulatory Commission and the National Development and Reform Commission are responsible). Improve the cost structure of coal to reflect the resource, environmental and safety costs in the mining and operation process (led by the Ministry of Finance). Improve the natural gas price formation mechanism and gradually rationalize the price comparison relationship with alternative energy sources (led by the National Development and Reform Commission). Accelerate the establishment of the initial water rights system; actively promote water price reform, gradually increase the price of non-agricultural water supply for water conservancy projects, and improve the water resources fee collection and management system (the Ministry of Water Resources, the Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Finance are responsible). Improve the energy conservation and emission reduction target responsibility evaluation and assessment system and the diversified energy conservation and environmental protection investment mechanism; improve the incentive system for the promotion of efficient energy-saving and environmentally friendly products and the exit mechanism for backward production capacity; study and establish a circular economy assessment system (National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Industry Responsible for the Ministry of Information Technology and the Bureau of Statistics). Explore and establish long-term mechanisms for environmental protection such as environmental laws, green credit, performance assessment, and public participation (led by the Ministry of Environmental Protection). Accelerate the reform of charging systems for sewage treatment and garbage disposal (the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and the Ministry of Environmental Protection are responsible).

Accelerate the pilot work of the ecological compensation mechanism across provincial river basins; expand the scope of pilot emissions trading, and improve relevant laws and regulations (the Ministry of Finance, Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Environmental Protection, and Ministry of Water Resources are responsible). Establish a reserve system for the sustainable development of resource-based cities; promote the reform of the mineral resources compensation fee system and establish a floating rate mechanism linked to resource utilization levels and environmental governance (the Ministry of Finance, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Land and Resources, and Ministry of Environmental Protection are responsible) .

5. Focus on optimizing the industrial structure and ownership structure, and promote the development of the service industry and non-public economy

Continue to promote the corporate and joint-stock reform of state-owned enterprises, improve the corporate governance structure, and improve the modern enterprise system ; Continue to promote the optimization and strategic adjustment of state-owned capital structure; improve the state-owned assets supervision and management system and system (the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and the Ministry of Finance are responsible). Improve policies and measures to encourage, support and guide the development of the private sector and other non-public economies (led by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology). Efforts should be made to improve the multi-level guarantee system such as small and medium-sized enterprise loan guarantee funds and loan guarantee agencies, and establish and improve the credit guarantee risk compensation mechanism for small and medium-sized enterprises; promote the construction of the credit system for small and medium-sized enterprises and the rating system of credit guarantee institutions (China Banking Regulatory Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, People's Bank of China , the Ministry of Finance is responsible). Continue to develop the small and medium-sized enterprise board market, steadily develop small and medium-sized enterprise collective bonds, and continue to carry out pilot projects of short-term financing bonds for small and medium-sized enterprises (the China Securities Regulatory Commission, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the People's Bank of China are responsible). Improve the service industry development planning system, accelerate the establishment of institutional mechanisms and policy systems to promote the development of the modern service industry, and promote the development of the service industry and the optimization of the industrial structure (led by the National Development and Reform Commission). Further relax market access for the service industry and encourage non-public enterprises to participate in the reform of state-owned service enterprises (the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission are responsible). Deepen the socialization reform of logistics services for government agencies and public institutions (the Central Organization Office, the Ministry of Finance, and the State Administration of Management are responsible). Encourage social forces to establish private non-enterprise units and cultivate diversified service industry market entities (the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Civil Affairs are responsible).

6. Accelerate reforms in the field of people's livelihood and improve residents' consumption ability and willingness

Strengthen the construction of public employment service system, increase policy support, and establish flexible and diverse employment and Entrepreneurship promotion mechanism and further improve policies and measures to promote employment through entrepreneurship (led by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security). Study and issue guidance on income distribution adjustment (led by the National Development and Reform Commission). Standardize the salary management system for the heads of state-owned enterprises and reasonably control the income distribution gap (the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Finance, and the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission are responsible). Research and formulate opinions on the implementation of performance pay in public institutions (the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance are responsible). Promote collective wage negotiation and the establishment of a wage payment guarantee system, implement the minimum wage system; improve the basic pension insurance system, continue to carry out individual account pilots, and comprehensively promote provincial coordination; introduce measures for the transfer and continuation of pension insurance relationships; promote the reform of pension insurance in public institutions Pilot; formulate and implement measures for pension insurance for migrant workers; issue guidance on new rural social pension insurance; study and solve social security issues for farmland workers (led by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security). Establish a normal adjustment mechanism for basic pensions for enterprise retirees and urban and rural minimum living security standards (the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and the Ministry of Finance are responsible). Improve the low-rent housing system, standardize the construction and management of affordable housing, and establish and improve the planning and construction management system for affordable housing (led by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development). Promote the pilot reform of the housing property rights system in shantytowns in forest areas (the Forestry Bureau, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and the Ministry of Land and Resources are responsible). Improve the food and drug safety supervision system and implement strict food quality and safety traceability, recall, market access and exit systems (the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Agriculture, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, and the Food and Drug Administration are responsible).

7. Deepen the reform of science and technology, education, culture, and health systems, and accelerate the development of social undertakings

Strengthen the construction of a technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body, market as the guide, and integrating industry, academia, and research. In order to achieve breakthroughs, we will accelerate the construction of the national innovation system, promote the integration, openness and sharing of scientific and technological resources, mobilize scientific and technological personnel to serve enterprises at the grassroots level, vigorously improve the independent innovation capabilities of enterprises, and give full play to the role of scientific and technological innovation in promoting economic structural adjustment and development methods. important role in the transformation (the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Education, and the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission are responsible). Study and formulate the outline of the national medium- and long-term education reform and development plan (led by the Ministry of Education). Further improve the compulsory education funding guarantee mechanism and promote the equalization of compulsory education resource allocation; improve the policy system for financial aid for students from poor families, and formulate and improve tuition and student loan reimbursement policies (the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education are responsible for this). Promote the reform of the secondary vocational education system and establish a free secondary vocational education system for rural areas (the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, and the Ministry of Finance are responsible). Accelerate the establishment of an equal education system for children of migrant workers in cities (led by the Ministry of Education). Continue to deepen the reform of cultural undertakings and the cultural industry system (the Ministry of Culture, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, and the General Administration of Press and Publication are responsible). Conscientiously organize and implement the recent key implementation plans for the reform of the medical and health system (the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, and the Ministry of Finance are responsible). Deepen the reform of the sports system, strengthen sports public services, and promote the healthy development of the sports industry (led by the General Administration of Sports).

8. Continue to deepen rural reform and establish and improve systems and mechanisms for coordinating urban and rural development

Deepen comprehensive rural reform and strive to enhance the social management and public service functions of township governments (State Council Rural Affairs Bureau) led by the Comprehensive Reform Working Group). Promote the reform of the rural collective construction land management system, study and formulate transfer management methods, and explore the establishment of a unified and standardized urban and rural construction land market; further promote the reform of the paid land use system and strictly limit the scope of allocated land (led by the Ministry of Land and Resources). Carry out pilot projects for the registration of rural land contract management rights, establish and improve the transfer market for land contract management rights, strengthen transfer management and services, and develop moderate-scale operations; promote the reform of the state-owned farm system (led by the Ministry of Agriculture). Accelerate the reform of the collective forest rights system and improve relevant supporting policies; actively promote the reform of the state-owned forest areas and state-owned forest farms (led by the Forestry Bureau). Improve the price formation mechanism for grain and other major agricultural products; deepen the reform of state-owned grain enterprises (the National Development and Reform Commission and the Grain Bureau are responsible). Improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism for comprehensive agricultural subsidies linked to the prices of agricultural inputs such as fertilizers and diesel (led by the Ministry of Finance). Accelerate the reform of the grassroots agricultural technology extension system, build a new agricultural socialization service system, and promote agricultural industrialization and the development of farmers' professional cooperative organizations (led by the Ministry of Agriculture). Explore the establishment of an integrated management system for urban and rural planning and construction (led by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development). Explore the establishment of an employment and social security policy system that coordinates urban and rural areas (led by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security). Study and formulate relevant policies to relax the conditions for settling in small and medium-sized cities and allow qualified rural residents to settle in cities; promote innovation in services and management systems for floating population (led by the Ministry of Public Security).

9. Accelerate the reform of the fiscal and taxation systems and establish a fiscal and taxation system conducive to scientific development

Focusing on promoting equalization of basic public services and the construction of main functional areas, improve the central government and A system that matches the financial resources and powers of local governments; promote the reform of fiscal management methods for counties directly under provincial jurisdiction, and gradually establish a basic financial resource guarantee mechanism at the county level; increase the scale and proportion of general transfer payments, and accelerate the improvement of a unified, standardized and transparent fiscal transfer payment system; Improve the public finance functions and optimize the fiscal expenditure structure (led by the Ministry of Finance). Deepen the reform of the budget system, study and draft state-owned capital operation budget regulations, pilot the social insurance budget system, and realize the organic connection between the government's public budget, state-owned capital operation budget, government fund budget and social security budget (Ministry of Finance, State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Human Resources The Ministry of Resources and Social Security is responsible). Study and establish a national statistical reporting system for state-owned assets of administrative institutions (led by the Ministry of Finance). Comprehensively implement the value-added tax transformation reform; unify tax systems such as urban construction tax and education surcharge for domestic and foreign-funded enterprises and individuals; study and promote a comprehensive and classified personal income tax system; study, formulate and select opportunities to issue resource tax reform plans; accelerate the rationalization of environmental taxes establish a fee system and study the levy of an environmental tax; deepen the reform of the real estate tax system and study the levy of a property tax (the Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development are responsible).

10. Deepen the reform of the financial system and build a modern financial system

Deepen the reform of state-owned commercial banks; continue to promote the reform of policy banks (led by the People's Bank of China). Promote the reform of financial asset management companies (led by the Ministry of Finance). Steadily develop small and medium-sized financial enterprises of various ownerships and new rural financial institutions; promote the development of rural credit guarantee institutions (led by the China Banking Regulatory Commission). Expand the scope of effective guarantees in rural areas and develop credit products with various forms of guarantees in rural areas (the People's Bank of China and the China Banking Regulatory Commission are responsible for this). Promulgate regulations on moneylenders to actively guide the healthy development of private financing (the People's Bank of China and the Legislative Affairs Office are responsible). Establish and improve the deposit insurance system (the People's Bank of China and the China Banking Regulatory Commission are responsible for this). Promote the market-oriented reform of interest rates and improve the RMB exchange rate formation mechanism (led by the People's Bank of China). Strengthen the construction of the basic system of the capital market, establish and improve the regulatory system that is conducive to the stable development of the capital market and the protection of investors' rights and interests; launch the GEM in a timely manner, promote the construction of the over-the-counter market, and improve the functions of the capital market (led by the China Securities Regulatory Commission). Improve the market-oriented bond issuance mechanism, market restraint and risk-sharing mechanism, and gradually establish centralized and unified bond market supervision rules and standards (the China Securities Regulatory Commission, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Finance, and People's Bank of China are responsible). Deepen the reform of the insurance industry and actively leverage the insurance protection and financing functions (led by the China Insurance Regulatory Commission). Accelerate the construction of the equity investment fund system and issue management measures for equity investment funds as soon as possible (led by the National Development and Reform Commission). Establish and improve financial supervision coordination mechanisms and international cooperation mechanisms (the People's Bank of China and financial regulatory agencies are responsible).

11. Deepen the reform of the foreign-related economic system and improve the open economic system

Establish a service trade promotion system as soon as possible, study and formulate service trade promotion regulations, formulate and implement accelerating the development of the service outsourcing industry policy measures; establish coordination and management mechanisms for the import of advanced technology, equipment and strategic resources; establish and improve a coordination mechanism to effectively respond to international trade frictions and disputes; actively and steadily implement the free trade zone strategy and further promote regional and sub-regional economic cooperation , promote the construction of border economic cooperation zones; strive to promote the reform of the foreign labor cooperation management system and accelerate the relevant legislative process (led by the Ministry of Commerce). Improve the international trade and investment risk prevention mechanism, and study and establish an information guidance and prediction and early warning mechanism for the impact of international economic fluctuations on my country's economy (the Ministry of Commerce, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the General Administration of Customs are responsible).

Accelerate the establishment of a safety review mechanism for foreign capital mergers and acquisitions; improve the management system, policies and regulations for the utilization of foreign capital, further delegate approval authority, and simplify the approval procedures (the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Commerce, and the Legal Affairs Office are responsible). Study and formulate regulations on overseas investment, further simplify the management procedures for overseas investment, expand the scope of overseas investment filing and registration, improve policies and measures to support enterprises in "going global" in terms of credit, foreign exchange, finance and taxation, and personnel entry and exit, and accelerate the public disclosure of overseas investment cooperation*** Service system construction (the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Commerce, the People's Bank of China, the Ministry of Finance and other departments are responsible).

12. Actively promote comprehensive supporting reform pilots to provide demonstrations and reference for national reforms

Shanghai Pudong New Area, Tianjin Binhai New Area and other national comprehensive supporting reform pilot areas must follow the principles of improving socialism The direction of the market economic system aims at institutional issues that restrict local economic and social development, and in accordance with the requirements of development strategies such as coordinating urban and rural development, building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, accelerating development and opening up, and promoting the transformation of development methods, in terms of administrative management, Actively explore and be brave in innovation in the reform of key areas and key links such as finance, finance, and land. The National Development and Reform Commission should strengthen its guidance on the comprehensive supporting reform pilot work, improve the coordination and promotion mechanism of the pilot work, and ensure the smooth and orderly advancement of the reform pilot. Each department must combine its own functions to actively support and guide reform pilots, and place relevant special reform pilots in corresponding experimental zones for pilot testing. Each region can actively carry out various comprehensive and special reform pilots based on its own actual conditions and on the premise of effectively preventing and controlling risks.

The year 2009 was the most difficult year for my country’s economic and social development since the beginning of the new century. Faced with the complex and severe international and domestic economic situation, the Party Central Committee and the State Council persisted in reform and opening up and made decisions on the reform of the economic system. Important deployment, solve development problems through deepening reform, and win development opportunities through expanding opening up. All regions and departments have focused on promoting reforms to expand domestic demand and maintain steady and rapid economic growth, adjust structures to promote the transformation of development methods, and focus on key and difficult issues related to the overall situation and the long-term. The socialist market economic system continues to improve. Reforms are expanding domestic demand, It has played an important role in maintaining growth, adjusting structure, and benefiting people's livelihood.