Since the development of intelligence begins with the sensory acceptance of external information, Montessori teaching AIDS are not necessarily needed for sensory education at home, and mothers can make teaching AIDS of the same principle by themselves to sharpen their children's sensory ability. Therefore, this chapter specially wrote an introduction to this demand.
The purpose of sensory training is to cultivate children's sensory acuity.
Whether at home or in kindergarten, we should not only take sensory training as the primary item, but also strive for more accuracy and sensitivity in the process, so that children can see, hear, smell, taste and touch sensitively and accurately. In this way, children's cognitive and differentiation potential can be fully developed, and then a higher level of thinking ability and behavior foundation such as analysis, synthesis and judgment can be produced.
The focus of sensory training in the family
In addition to achieving the aforementioned "purpose", parents should also focus on four aspects of sensory education for their children at home:
It is to cultivate children's good "cognitive habits", not to open their mouths.
"Tracing the roots" should be systematic and not chaotic.
Simple and clear, not complicated.
Is to cooperate with the school, in addition to "convergence" but also "extension." This can not only make your ears clear, but also cultivate your ability to constantly improve your sensory acuity and accurate observation, and at the same time cultivate a well-organized cognitive habit.
Three principles of sensory education
Although parents are not experts in preschool education, they are the first teachers to teach their children. If we can adhere to the following three principles, we can still get good results.
(1) adhere to the Montessori principle: let the child adapt freely, and you only prepare the environment for him and induce him to contact the teaching AIDS (commonly known as educational toys) designed by you. Don't be too hasty, set a timetable for your child to "teach" him, lest the child be "stared at" and hate learning, lest you "teach" him.
(2) Seek knowledge of product name (shape, color, name, use, etc.). ) first, and then gradually enter a precise level.
(3) From listening (mother talking) to seeing (physical contact), and make full use of the five senses, and then enter the stage of "doing" with hands and feet. This way of education has the best effect.
Three learning stages of early sensory training
The purpose of three-stage learning is to help children have a better understanding of teaching and let you know how much children can master and absorb before you can implement your training.
These three stages of learning methods must be used for the introduction of all teaching AIDS and literacy education.
When you want to start demonstrating any kind of teaching AIDS, you must guide your children to compare them with different objects in order to get a correct understanding. For example: big-small, big-bigger-biggest, big-slightly bigger-bigger-biggest-biggest; Small-small-minimum-slightly smaller-smaller-very small-minimum; As for length, weight, thickness, hardness and so on. It is also a gradual and accurate understanding. All levels of perception of objects, from the contact of five senses to the stimulation of the mind, should impress children.
Doing so is the basic way to make children smart and become elves. Parents should have plans, patience and perseverance. It's easier said than done, but it's more important to know that the younger a child is, the harder it is to concentrate, so the more attention should be paid to methods to get results. However, don't be too hasty and make your child feel bored.
What I said above is sensory education. From the direct cognition of the nature of objects to the indirect cultivation of "quantity" and "comparative observation", it takes efforts from one to four years old.
As for sensory cognition, the order and specific practices of the three stages of learning are carried out in the following order:
The first stage: the understanding of ontology-its purpose is to establish the relationship between object and name (first by object-name). For example, a set of candy boxes that can be packed together at home is a good teaching material. Parents picked up the whole box with both hands and said to their children, "This is a red round candy box." Repeat that you think your child understands the combination of "object" and "name".
The second stage: the understanding of contrast (from name to object). In order to know the effect of the previous stage, the mother said to the child, "Please bring me that red candy box." While expecting the children to bring it to you correctly (of course, you must have more than two boxes of different colors).
The third stage: the discrimination between analogues (the confirmation and discrimination of things)-when the child has learned the red candy box and remembered the name, he refers to various analogues and asks the child, "What is this called?" He should answer the correct name "this is called ×××". If you can't answer, help him repeat it until the meeting (this is also training language development).
These principles or processes are simple to say but not easy to do. First, from the standpoint of children, it is extremely fresh but quite difficult, because the little mind may not be deeply impressed by the red box and candy. Therefore, parents should have 100% patience and do it with great care.
In addition, when you plan to arrange your "parental education", you must pay attention to your child's age and his mental development. You should think carefully according to the sensitive situation of sensory development at the age level and the actual situation of your child. Don't worry!
At the same time, remember that every step at present is related to the next step; Therefore, it must be carried out in a forward mode.
How to make sensory teaching AIDS by yourself
There are not many sensory teaching aids available in shops, except Montessori and wrobel (even these two teaching aids are not suitable for children under one year old). Therefore, we should try to control ourselves according to our baby's needs.
Here is a brief introduction to some examples of activities in which mothers make their own teaching AIDS by using things around them to help their children develop their intelligence, which can not only save foreign exchange for buying imported goods, but also save shopping time and physical strength. And make the effect of emotional and sensory training between mother and child more practical.
(1) button game board-visual teaching aid
For example, if there are two to three-year-old children at home, you can use six buttons as a group and find three or four contrasting colors, preferably three or four plates or other containers with the same color as the buttons. If you can find it at home, in principle, you can also find a grooved board with more than three places. First, mix the buttons of various colors in a big groove; A preliminary study of this set of home visual sensory teaching AIDS. It's time to start the demonstration: train children to recognize and match colors.
During the demonstration, children's interest is aroused by words, and then buttons of one color (such as red) are put into one slot and buttons of another color (such as purple) are put into another slot by hand or with an appliance suitable for children to hold, and at the same time, "This is a red button and this is a purple button" is said in the mouth, and then a red button and a purple button are picked up. After putting the six red buttons and six purple buttons respectively, tell the child that there is a red button and a purple button here. After this demonstration, the three-stage teaching method is adopted to induce children to know colors, exercise hand-eye coordination ability and cultivate the concept of classification.
If the child has a good understanding and proficiency, then find other colors to practice, such as pink, blue and gray, to avoid the child being bored for a long time. But three or four sets of colors are enough. If you want to add color, find three or four groups, not five or six groups at the same time. Children at this stage should not make it too complicated. This kind of parent-child game can also instill the concept of quantity.
(2) Sound tube-developing children's listening education.
Find twelve plastic bottles (similar to larger cylinders, used to hold photo films, etc. ) or a glass bottle of the same size. If they are transparent, prepare a piece of colored red or sticky paper, wrap the transparent tubes so that children can't see what is inside, stick red on six tube covers and blue paper on the other six tube covers; In addition, find six kinds of things with different weights, such as beans, pepper, rice, tea, sugar, salt, sand, stones and other substances that can make sounds, and put them in the spool to shake. Then put it into two groups of bags of different colors in equal amount, so that the two groups of bags can make six different degrees of sound after shaking. Then find a box (such as a shoe box) that can hold twelve sound tubes, and install it for later use, thus completing the production of the hearing aid-sound tube.
When training children's listening, first take these bags out of the box and put them on the table in front of the children, and then ① shake a bag to let the children hear a certain loudness. (2) Take out the packages with different colors and shake them. First, find out the one with the same sound as the package placed on the table and make a group (that is, the two covers have different colors and make the same sound). ③ In this way, all the packages are divided into six groups. (4) When children learn this activity, let them pair up first. ⑤ Finally, instruct them to arrange the packages of each group in the order of maximum, large, medium, small and minimum sound. This is one of the effective ways for mothers to develop their children's hearing, establish the concept of order and cultivate parent-child feelings.
(3) To develop children's olfactory function.
A keen sense of smell can help us find many problems, such as air pollution, material deterioration, and even the burning smell caused by overload of wires. If discovered early, people can avoid a disaster. At present, in the ubiquitous environment of air pollution, it is far more important to cultivate children's sense of smell than in Montessori era. It is also easy to make their own olfactory tubes, and it can also promote the feeling that mothers contribute to their children's development. The making material is to find twelve plastic bottles or glass bottles of the same size, and use six kinds of cinnamon, tea, pepper, cardamom, dry land and incense. That can be used for a long time, and then made of a piece of colored paper or adhesive. The method is (1) to cut the paper and wrap the periphery of each bottle separately, so that children can't see what is in the bottle. (2) Put a perfume in six bottles and cover tightly, and put a perfume in the other six bottles. Find a box (such as a shoe box) that can hold twelve bottles, and put these twelve bottles in the box to complete the manufacture of the olfactory tube.
When training children's sense of smell: ① First, stick the bottle on the child's desk and open the bottle cap to let the child smell the smell in the bottle. (2) Find packages with the same smell and put them together, and then cover the original cover to form a group. If it is done well, the twelve packs are divided into six groups, and the cover of each group is red and blue. If the collocation is wrong, it is easy to find the mistake and let the children correct it themselves. In the training, after the child has done it two or three times, the mother teaches the child to distinguish different or the same smell in three paragraphs. At the same time, teach him or her the names of tea and cinnamon. And their unique smells.
In addition, the training of these six smells can come to an end after the mother really skillfully recognizes the six flavors of traditional Chinese medicine. In the future, the perfume in the olfactory tube can be replaced by other items, such as camphor, rosin, alcohol, benzene and so on. In this way, the child's sense of smell can develop well.
(4) Self-made taste training materials
Taste training materials are more convenient. Mothers can refer to the manufacturing and teaching methods of olfactory tube and vocal tube to develop in depth (such as the strength of sugar-a little sweet, a little sweet, very sweet, the sweetest, etc.). ).
(5) Temperature flask
Water with different temperatures, from the coldest to the hottest, can be filled into six empty bottles in turn with empty bottles that are easy to install and transfer heat. Mother tried it with her own hands for the first time and felt the difference was obvious. Touch each bottle gently and carefully immediately, and explain "this is cold", "this is hot" and "this bottle is a little colder than that bottle" as a demonstration, and let the children feel it with their fingers before the temperature changes to improve their tactile development; Distinguish between the same temperature and different temperatures, and distinguish between different degrees of cold and hot.
The above is an example. The mother makes teaching AIDS by using materials from home to train her children's senses, so as to stimulate their sensory potential and make them accurate and sensitive. Clever mother, after reading it, there will be a way to draw inferences from others and make many self-made teaching AIDS to make your children smarter.
Sensory stimulation of fetus and baby
As for the fetus and baby, what kind of sensory stimulation should parents give? The fetus will be affected by the external environment in the mother. We can often play beautiful music to our mother, and our mother can often sing to the unborn baby with music or nursery rhymes, or talk to him gently, so that the fetus will feel these peaceful situations and naturally feel happy. If the little guy kicks you in the stomach, you can also give him (her) a gentle response.
As soon as the baby is born, it should be able to give the baby useful inspiration from hearing, smell and vision in a planned way. For example, babies' small ears are always open, if we replace the noise in the street with soft music; When the baby wakes up, the mother can gently hug him and talk to him; You can also hang colorful hangers with appropriate shapes on the ceiling in front of the cradle (different shapes and colors need to be changed from time to time), so that children can see objects with obvious colors and different shapes, and put some spices changed from time to time at the bedside. Isn't it a thorn of various senses and languages? Being able to train their keen senses from an early age, their observation will naturally be meticulous.
conclusion
If the mother can diligently and patiently train the baby according to the principles and methods mentioned above, the child's senses will naturally become more and more sensitive. The understanding of various affairs in the environment will be extensive, and the learning ability will naturally improve; High learning ability will reduce the relative fear of setbacks, and naturally form a character of "love learning", so intelligence can be greatly improved! So we can say that sensory training is the most effective training to improve intelligence, and it is also the earliest training that should be started.