A: The balance of payments is compiled according to the principle of double-entry bookkeeping, and the total amount of loans is always balanced. But as far as each specific project is concerned, the borrowers and borrowers are often unequal, and there will always be some differences. Balance or imbalance of international payments refers to these local differences. When income exceeds expenditure, it is called surplus; On the other hand, when expenditure is greater than income, it is a deficit. Generally speaking, the balance and imbalance of international payments are mainly aimed at independent transactions. The balance of international payments is the balance of independent transactions, and the imbalance of international payments is the imbalance of independent transactions.

A country's balance of payments is a surplus, which means that the country's balance of payments is in good condition; If there is a long-term persistent deficit, it means that the balance of payments situation has deteriorated. However, the bigger the surplus, the better. Excessive surplus will lead to the depreciation and inflation of the domestic currency, because a large inflow of foreign exchange will increase the domestic money supply; On the contrary, it is not a bad thing if there is a short-term and local deficit. As long as it can be compensated by other projects, it will not cause the deterioration of the balance of payments. Only when a country's balance of payments has a long-term and sustained deficit, it means that the country's balance of payments situation tends to deteriorate and necessary measures must be taken to correct it.