1 and range

This document defines the terms and definitions of supply chain services.

This document is applicable to information processing and information exchange in supply chain services and related fields.

2, normative reference documents

The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only dated version is applicable to this document.

For undated reference documents, the latest version (including all revisions) is applicable to this document.

GB/T 18354—2006 Logistics Terminology

GB/Z 26337. 1—20 10 supply chain management part 1: overview and basic principles.

Gb/t 25 1 09.1—2010 enterprise resource planning part1:ERP terminology.

3. Basic terms of supply chain services

3. 1 supply chain

In the process of production and circulation, around the core enterprises, the raw material suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and end users involved are linked together through upstream and/or downstream members to form a network chain structure.

[GB/Z 26337.1—2010, defined as 3. 1. 1]

3.2 Supply Chain Services Supply Chain Services

One organization undertakes the service outsourcing of another organization, and integrates and optimizes the business flow, logistics, information flow and capital flow of its supply chain to form innovative integrated business services.

3.3 Supply chain management

Comprehensively plan the business flow, logistics, capital flow and information flow in the supply chain, and plan, organize, coordinate and control various activities and processes.

Note: rewrite GB/Z 26337. 1—20 10, and define 3. 1.2.

3.4 Business Flow Business Process

Refers to the business process between organizations in the supply chain.

Note: rewrite GB/Z 26337. 1—20 10, and define 3. 1.3.

3.5 Logistics Logistics

The physical flow of goods from the place of supply to the place of receipt. According to the actual needs, the basic functions such as transportation, storage, loading and unloading, handling, packaging, distribution processing, distribution and information processing are organically combined.

[GB/T 18354—2006, definition 2.2]

3.6 Capital flow

The flow process of funds and bills accompanying business activities in the supply chain.

Note: rewrite GB/Z 26337. 1—20 10, and define 3. 1.5.

3.7 Information Flow Information Flow

The information flow in the supply chain is accompanied by business flow, logistics and capital flow.

[GB/Z 26337.1-2010, definition 3. 1.6]

4. Supply chain service provider process terms

4. 1 purchase terms

4. 1. 1 procurement procedure

Refers to the business activities of an enterprise to obtain products or services from suppliers as enterprise resources under certain conditions.

4. 1.2 purchase execution and purchase completion

Purchase the specified goods from the suppliers designated by customers, and provide a series of services such as customs clearance, settlement, logistics, information, financing, etc. in the whole process from receiving orders, purchasing to inspection.

4. 1.3 supplier

The provider of products or services, the general name of all sellers in the market.

4. 1.4 supplier certification

Procedures for a third party to ensure in writing that the qualifications, capabilities, products or services of suppliers meet the specified requirements. These requirements may include cost, quality, distribution service, maintenance, safety, ISO quality and environmental certification.

4.2 Terms of Sale

4.2. 1 distribution

The process of selling products from producers to consumers according to certain channels.

dealer

Refers to the personnel and institutions specializing in the transfer of goods from producers to retailers or consumers.

4.2.3 retailers

Enterprises that own products and sell them to end users.

Marketing channels.

The path of product or service transfer includes all organizations involved in product or service transfer activities, so as to make the product or service easy to use or consume.

Distribution channels.

The process by which an enterprise delivers a finished product from a supplier to a final customer, which involves the transfer of ownership.

4.2.6 Pull distribution

In the supply chain, users' demand information is fed back from retailers to distributors and then to manufacturers, thus generating sales activities.

4.2.7 Promote distribution Promote distribution

Upstream manufacturing enterprises in the supply chain sell products to downstream enterprises through sales channels without demand information.

4.2.8 Brand promotion

A series of activities and processes by which enterprises shape their own and product brand images and make them widely recognized by consumers.

4.2.9 Terminal Sales Terminal

Refers to the last link of marketing. Direct contact with consumers is usually terminal stores.

4.2. 10 authorized sales

Marketing behavior of channel nodes according to sales authorization.

4.2. 1 1 depth distribution management

It refers to the management activities to provide customers with more efficient and convenient distribution channels by increasing the number of outlets and expanding the types of distribution goods in deep distribution areas such as towns and villages.

4.2. 12 Sales Execution Sales Completion

According to the customer's marketing purpose and the requirements of the distribution system, a series of services such as channel management, brand promotion and marketing are carried out in the process of channel sales and commodity distribution around distribution management.

Supplier marketing

A series of activities to establish a good cooperative relationship with upstream suppliers and an interactive, mutually beneficial and equal long-term strategic partnership with suppliers while gaining the advantage of supply cost.

Supplier development

A series of activities taken by purchasing organizations to help suppliers improve their operational performance and supply capacity to meet their own purchasing needs.

4.3 Other business process terms

4.3. 1 outsourcing

Arrange external organizations to perform some functions or processes of the organization.

Insurance business.

By charging customers a certain fee, it undertakes the business activities of potential losses in the service process for customers.

4.3.3 Supplier Relationship Management

A management model dedicated to establishing and maintaining long-term close cooperative partnership with suppliers, aiming at improving the relationship between enterprises and suppliers.

[GB/T 18354—2006, definition 6. 14]

Customer relationship management (CRM)

It is a management mode that follows the customer-oriented strategy, uses modern information technology to collect, track and analyze customer information and expand customer contact channels.

[GB/T 25109.1-2010, definition 3. 1.7]

4.3.5 Maintenance and expansion of customer relationship

In order to achieve business goals, enterprises keep in touch with old customers through interaction and establish new contacts with new customers.

5. Terms of supply chain service logistics

5. 1 terms of production

5. 1. 1 original equipment manufacturer (OEM)

Manufacturers who undertake the task of processing the products or (and) product accessories of the entrusting party.

5. 1.2 Virtual production Virtual production

Enterprises make use of the advantages of computer technology, Internet technology and integration of their own resources to quickly respond to customer needs, customize different kinds of products in any batch according to customer requirements, and entrust the actual production process to other cooperative OEM enterprises.

5. 1.3 entrusted processing entrusted processing

The client provides raw materials and main materials, processes goods according to the requirements of the client and collects processing fees.

5. 1.4 contract manufacturing

A form of cooperation in which enterprises sign contracts with manufacturers, who produce products and then hand them over to enterprises for sale.

5. 1.5 customized assembly customized assembly

The process of assembling modular parts to form customized products according to customer orders.

5. 1.6 design engineer orders (ETO) according to the order.

The way of product design and production organization according to the customer's order requirements after receiving the customer's order is generally suitable for products with complex production structure or high personalized requirements.

[GB/T 25109.1-2010, definition 3.2.9]

5. 1.7 JIT

It is a production mode and comprehensive management system that effectively uses various ways and means such as Kanban management to eliminate all kinds of ineffective labor and waste, and ensure that necessary products with necessary quantity and quality are produced at necessary time and place, so as to achieve the purpose of maximum output with minimum input.

[GB/T 25109.1-2010, definition A. 1.2]

5. 1.8 delay strategy

In order to reduce the overall risk of the supply chain and effectively meet the individual needs of customers, it is a business strategy to postpone the last production or logistics link until customers provide orders.

[GB/T 18354—2006, definition 6.27]

5. 1.9 quality inspection quality inspection

The process of testing product quality by a specific method.

5. 1. 10 production and material control production and material control

Supervision and management of production plan and production schedule, material planning, tracking, receiving and dispatching, storage and use, and prevention and treatment of sluggish materials.

5.2 warehousing terminology

5.2. 1 warehousing management

Management activities of unloading, counting, acceptance and warehousing procedures before goods are put into storage.

5.2.2 outbound management outbound management

Refers to the management activities of various businesses such as order processing, sorting, assembly, packaging, and handling outbound procedures before the goods are delivered out of the warehouse.

Intelligent storage

The invention relates to a warehouse management method, which uses information technology and advanced management means to realize automatic information capture, identification, early warning and intelligent management functions of warehousing, warehousing, stock keeping and warehouse transfer management.

Vendor managed inventory (VMI)

According to the agreement reached by both parties, the upstream enterprises in the supply chain actively manage and control the inventory of the downstream enterprises according to the material demand plan, sales information and inventory situation of the downstream enterprises.

[GB/T 18354—2006, definition 6.6]

5.2.5 Inventory control scheme design

According to the customer's demand, provide customers with the project design activities of inventory project management and control scheme to keep the customer's inventory level economical and reasonable.

5.2.6 Continuous Supplementary Plan (CRP)

Using technically accurate sales time information to determine the quantity of goods sold, according to the inventory information of retailers or wholesalers and the pre-specified inventory replenishment procedures, the planning method of replenishment quantity and delivery time is determined.

[GB/T 18354—2006, definition 6. 1 1]

5.2.7 Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Supplement (CPFR)

Also known as collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment. By * * * jointly managing business processes and * * * sharing information, the cooperative relationship between retailers and suppliers can be improved and the accuracy of forecasting can be improved. Finally, collaborative supply chain inventory management technology can not only reduce the inventory of suppliers, but also increase the sales of retailers.

5.3 Terms of Transportation and Distribution

5.3. 1 door-to-door transportation service door-to-door service

A transport service mode in which the transport operator receives the goods from the consignor's factory or warehouse and is responsible for delivering the goods to the consignee's factory or warehouse. Under this mode of delivery, the delivery form of goods is overall delivery.

[GB/T 18354—2006, definition 3.4]

5.3.2 Transit transportation

From the place of shipment to the place of receipt, the goods have been loaded and unloaded at least once.

[GB/T 18354—2006, definition 3.6]

Multi-mode transportation

Entrusted by the shipper, consignee or passenger, the through transport operator realizes the whole transportation of two or more modes of transportation for the client.

And activities to provide related transportation and logistics auxiliary services.

[GB/T 18354—2006, definition 3. 1 1]

International transportation international transportation

The origin, agreed stopover and destination of the goods are not in the same country.

5.3.5 Power distribution scheme design Power distribution design

According to customers' needs, we provide customers with optimized solutions for goods distribution mode, route and network design, so as to improve distribution efficiency.

5.3.6 Integration of warehousing and distribution services

Provide customers with one-stop warehousing and distribution services, aiming at solving the seller's goods deployment problems (collection, processing, distribution, selection, distribution, packaging, etc.). ) and organize delivery to customers.

forwarder

Accept the entrustment of the ship owner or charterer or ship operator, and handle the business activities related to the ship entering and leaving the port and the ship staying in the port on behalf of the client within the scope of authorization.

shipping agency

An enterprise accepts the entrustment of the consignee, consignor or agent of import and export goods, and handles cargo transportation and related business activities in the name of the consignor or the enterprise itself.

5.4 Terms of Import and Export Logistics

5.4. 1 customs declaration

The whole process in which the person in charge of inbound and outbound means of transport, the owner of inbound and outbound goods, the consignee or consignor of import and export goods or their agents go through the entry and exit formalities of means of transport, goods and articles at the customs.

[GB/T 18354—2006, definition 7.8]

clear sth through customsclear sth through customs

The customs declaration unit has completed all the formalities required for customs clearance of import and export goods at the customs, and fully fulfilled the import and export-related obligations stipulated by law, including paying taxes, submitting licenses and other documents. Imported goods can enter the domestic market and circulate freely, and exported goods can be shipped out of the country.

[GB/T 18354—2006, definition 7.27]

5.4.3 Tax refund

The state refunds the taxes paid by taxpayers according to regulations, usually to encourage taxpayers to expand certain economic activities.

Customs declaration agency

The persons in charge of inbound and outbound means of transport, the owners of import and export goods and the consignors and consignors of import and export goods, through their agents, declare to the customs and handle the import and export formalities according to law when passing through the ports under customs supervision.

5.4.5 Foreign exchange settlement service foreign exchange payment

Provide customers with complete foreign currency international settlement services.

5.4.6 Import and export documents act as import and export documents.

Entrusted by the person in charge of inbound and outbound means of transport, the owner of import and export goods, and the consignor and consignor of import and export goods, the agent helps them prepare a complete set of customs declaration documents such as customs declaration, invoice and packing list when passing through the customs supervision port.

5.4.7 Bonded area

Processing, trade, storage and exhibition shall be supervised by the customs in special areas set up at domestic ports or adjacent ports and international airports.

[GB/T 18354—2006, definition 7.36]

bonded warehouse

A warehouse approved by the customs to store bonded goods and other goods that have not gone through customs formalities.

[GB/T 18354—2006, definition 7.34]

Overseas warehouse

A warehouse built or rented by an enterprise abroad.

5.4. 10 Bonded Logistics Center

A place under customs supervision that is approved by the customs and operated by a domestic enterprise as a legal person and specializes in bonded warehousing and logistics business.

5.4. 1 1 bonded logistics

With the approval of the customs, bonded business operators can effectively move goods from the place of supply to the place of demand under the state of tax preservation.

5.4. 12 collection of bonded goods

In the state of tax protection, scattered or small batches of goods are transported and distributed centrally.

5.4. 13 import and export trade agent

Entrusted by customers, acting as an agent for signing import and export contracts, customs declaration and foreign exchange activities in the name of the company.

5.4. 14 cross-border electronic commerce service

To provide customers with an e-commerce trading platform, realize the trade between trade subjects of different customs, and provide a series of supporting services such as auxiliary payment settlement and cross-border logistics delivery.

5.5 Other logistics terms

5.5. 1 distribution logistics

Logistics activities of enterprises in the process of distribution.

5.5.2 E-commerce Logistics

Mainly serving all kinds of logistics activities of e-commerce.

5.5.3 Reverse Logistics

Contrary to the traditional supply chain, the process of logistics activities from the place of consumption to the starting point is aimed at value recovery or reasonable disposal of raw materials, intermediate inventory or final products.

5.5.4 Integrated logistics services

One-stop logistics service formed by integrating multiple logistics functional elements or multiple business links according to customer needs.

value added logistics service

On the basis of completing the basic functions of logistics, we provide various extended business activities according to customer needs.

[GB/T 18354—2006, definition 3.38]

6. Terms of supply chain service capital flow

6. 1 fund management fund management

Use financial instruments, electronic payment tools and other means to provide services such as fund optimization, trade settlement and fund risk management in the supply chain.

6.2 credit sale

Based on credit, after the buyer and the seller sign the purchase agreement, the buyer will take delivery and pay within the specified date according to the agreement.

6.3 Advance payment for goods

According to the customer's credit situation, part or all of the payment is paid in advance to reduce the customer's financial pressure.

6.4 advance payment for customs duties

The customs declaration agent pays the customs duty on the import and export goods of the customer in advance, and then settles the customs fee with the customer after the goods are declared.

6.5 International Trade Settlement

In international trade, foreign exchange is used to settle the payment for goods, so as to settle the creditor-debtor relationship between buyers and sellers.

6.6 Capital Risk Management Capital Risk Management

Identify, measure, analyze and evaluate all kinds of risks existing in the operation of customers' funds, and take effective measures to prevent and control them in time to ensure the safety of their fund management.

6.7 Electronic payment tools

Carriers for monetary payment or capital circulation through network paths include electronic cash, electronic wallet, electronic check and smart card.

6.8 Payment Credit System

Credit evaluation system based on the credit score of enterprise or individual payment behavior.

6.9 Logistics Finance Logistics Finance

Facing the whole process of logistics operation, we should apply various financial products, effectively integrate logistics, capital flow and information flow, organize and regulate the movement of monetary funds in the process of supply chain operation, so as to improve the efficiency of capital operation.

6. 10 inventory financing inventory financing

Enterprises that need financing (namely, borrowers) pledge their inventory to enterprises that provide funds (namely, lenders), and at the same time transfer the pledged goods to logistics enterprises (intermediaries) with legal qualifications to keep inventory in order to obtain loans from lenders. This is a movable property pledge business involving logistics enterprises.

[GB/T 18354—2006, definition 3.24]

6. 1 1 factoring

When the loan is settled by collection or credit sale in trade, in order to avoid the risk of collection, the seller requires the third party (the factor) to bear the risk, which includes a series of services such as financing, buyer's credit evaluation, sales account management, credit risk guarantee and account collection.

6. 12 warehouse receipt pledge financing warehouse receipt financing

The pledgor applies for a loan from the pledgee with the warehouse receipt issued by the warehouse keeper as the pledge, and the custodian is responsible for the authenticity and uniqueness of the warehouse receipt, which is a right pledge business involving logistics enterprises.

[GB/T 18354—2006, definition 3.23]

6. 13 supply chain finance

Facing the whole process of supply chain operation, we apply various financial products, effectively integrate business flow, logistics, capital flow and information flow, organize and adjust the movement of monetary funds in the process of supply chain operation, and provide comprehensive financial services such as credit, settlement and wealth management for enterprises in the supply chain.

6. 14 accounts receivable financing

In order to obtain working capital, the financing enterprise takes the accounts receivable generated by the real trade contract signed by the buyer and the seller as the basis and the accounts receivable under the contract as the repayment source.

6. 15 prepayment financing

On the premise that the upstream enterprises promise to buy back, the third-party logistics enterprises will provide credit guarantee, and the financing enterprises will apply for pledged loans from banks and other financial institutions on the basis of the established warehouse receipts designated by the financial institutions, so as to alleviate the pressure of prepayment, and at the same time, the financial institutions will control the financing business of their right to take delivery.

6. 16 strategic relationship financing

Financing is based on the trust generated by the strategic partnership and long-term cooperation between the two parties, and strategic financing is generally not pledged.

6. 17 equipment financing lease

The lessor purchases the leased property from the supplier according to the specific requirements of the lessee and the choice of the supplier, and rents it to the lessee for use. The lessee pays the rent to the lessor by installments. During the lease period, the ownership of the leased property belongs to the lessor, and the lessee has the right to use the leased property.

6. 18 tax refund financing

A financing method in which a financing enterprise applies for short-term working capital loans under trade with its tax refund receivable in line with national policies as collateral.

6. 19 tariff financing

A financing method in which a financing enterprise applies for a loan from a financial institution with the goods involved in financing as pledge to pay the customs duties and value-added tax on the goods.

6.20 Order Financing Order Financing

A financing method in which a financing enterprise applies for a loan from a financial institution by virtue of a buyer's product order with good credit, purchases materials to organize production, and repays the loan after receiving the payment.

6.2 1 Forward foreign exchange transactions

The two parties to the transaction do not make delivery immediately after the transaction, but agree on the trading conditions such as currency, amount, exchange rate and delivery time in advance, and then make the actual delivery of foreign exchange transactions at maturity.

6.22 letter of credit financing

In international trade, importers and exporters apply for loans from banks according to letters of credit issued by banks.

7. Terminology of supply chain service information flow

7. 1 information management service information management service

The business of processing the massive data generated in the supply chain through information technology to form valuable business information and provide it to customers, so as to collect commissions or transaction fees.

7.2 Information System Information System

An application system for processing information flow, which consists of computer hardware, network and communication equipment, computer software, information resources, information users and rules and regulations.

7.3 Supply Chain Information System

Including planning management, order management, engineering data management, logistics information tracking management, production process management, fund financial management, warehouse management, query management and other information management functions, it can fully support the supply chain service enterprises to integrate business flow, logistics, information flow and capital flow according to the business types and business scenarios of different customers.

7.4 Order Management System Order Management System

An information system that manages and tracks orders issued by customers and dynamically grasps the progress and completion of orders.

7.5 Purchasing Management System Purchasing Management System

An information system that manages a series of business activities in the procurement process, such as purchase orders, incoming inspection, warehouse receipts, purchase returns, purchase invoice processing, supplier management, price and supply information, etc.

7.6 Warehouse Management System Warehouse Management System

An information system that manages a series of business activities in the process of warehouse management, such as warehousing business, outbound business, warehouse transfer, warehouse transfer, virtual warehouse management, batch management, material correspondence, inventory counting, etc.

7.7 Transportation Management System

An information system that manages a series of business activities during transportation, such as order processing, route optimization, scheduling and stowage, transportation status tracking, vehicle information, etc.

7.8 Distribution Management System Distribution Management System

An information system that manages the channel structure, member selection, sales mode, settlement mode, storage and transportation mode, training system and promotion means in the distribution process.

7.9 Financial Management System Financing Management System

It has the functions of general ledger management, financial statement generation, financial budget and income tax calculation, and realizes the comprehensive management of financial management, such as analysis, prediction, planning, control and supervision.

8. Comprehensive terms of supply chain services

8. 1 channel flattening

The process of optimizing the level of distribution channels by using certain management methods and technologies with the goal of maximizing the profits of enterprises and according to their own conditions.

8.2 Supply chain value-added services

On the basis of completing the basic functions of supply chain services, various extended services and optimized services provided according to customers' needs can bring efficiency improvement and/or cost reduction to customers.

8.3 Supply chain consulting services

Provide consulting activities of supply chain management or supply chain service for customers based on customer demand.

8.4 Comprehensive foreign trade services

Provide comprehensive services such as logistics, customs declaration, financing and foreign exchange for foreign trade enterprises.

8.5 Supply Chain Process Management Supply Chain Process Management

Entrusted by the customer contract, the activity of optimizing the design, supervision and management of the upstream and downstream processes of its supply chain.

8.6 supply chain strategic planning supply chain strategic design

The process of analyzing, evaluating and defining supply chain strategy, including network design, manufacturing and transportation strategy and inventory strategy.

8.7 Supply Chain Solution Design

Relying on modern supply chain management experience, according to customer needs, we provide customized and optimized supply chain solutions for business flow, logistics, capital flow and information flow.

8.8 Supply Chain Partnership Supply Chain Partnership

The relationship between enterprises in each node of the supply chain is a kind of coordination between two or more independent members in the supply chain to ensure the realization of a specific goal or interest.

8.9 Supply chain performance evaluation

Around the goal of supply chain, the performance evaluation of the whole supply chain and each link (especially the operation status of core enterprises and the operation relationship between each link, etc.) ) is executed.

8. 10 width supply chain service width supply chain service

Around the needs of upstream and downstream customers, we will build procurement platforms, sales platforms and logistics platforms to help enterprises realize non-core business outsourcing in the whole process of supply chain operation from raw material procurement to product sales.

8. 1 1 Deep supply chain services

Supply chain service enterprises will use their own resources, supplier resources and/or customer resources to meet the needs of customers, help customers expand the scope of supply chain on the basis of their original supply chain, and improve business performance.

8. 12 supply chain integration

Around one or more products of a core enterprise, a strategic alliance of upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain is formed to realize the integrated operation mode of business flow, logistics, information flow and capital flow among enterprises in the strategic alliance.

8. 13 supply chain business ecosystem

With the aim of * * * enjoying * * *, we will gather multiple organizations, build a value network with complementary capabilities, and realize the coordinated development and cross-border integration of key advantageous resources in the whole chain, thus creating a dynamic and balanced business development ecology, so that all participants can enjoy the opportunities and profits of the ecosystem.

8. 14 value chain value chain

From the processing of raw materials to the arrival of finished products in the hands of end users, all value-added links constitute an organized series of activities.

8. 15 value chain management

Plan, organize, coordinate and control all activities in the value chain.

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