Bhutan began to implement the "five-year plan" for economic development from 196 1, and received economic assistance from countries and international organizations such as India, Switzerland and the United Nations Development Programme. The total investment of the Tenth Five-Year Plan (2008-20146,252.2 million) is about11.4%. The main goal is to further implement the concept of "gross national happiness" and maintain an economic growth rate of around 9% by 2000.
Agriculture is a pillar industry in Bhutan. After the implementation of land reform in 1950s, more than 98% farmers owned their own land and houses, with an average of more than 65,438+0 hectares of land per household. Food is basically self-sufficient.
The secondary industry and tertiary industry developed rapidly, accounting for 42.7% and 40.5% of GDP in 20 10, respectively. Hydropower resources are abundant and exported to India, and hydropower and related construction industry have become the main factors driving economic growth.
From 2004 to 2009, the GDP grew at an average annual rate of 8.8%, with the tertiary industry developing fastest, followed by manufacturing, electricity and construction. The inflation rate is controlled at around 6%. Since 2002, manufacturing and service industries have taken the lead in opening up to foreign investment, with the highest shareholding ratio of foreign investment reaching 70%. Gross domestic product (20 1 1 year at current prices) is14.88 million USD.
Per capita GDP(20 1 1 year at current prices): about 2 12 1 USD.
Growth rate (20 10): 6.7%.
Exchange rate (annual average of 20 10): 1 USD ≈45.73 Nu.
Inflation rate (20 10): 9. 1%.
Unemployment rate (20 10): 3.3%. Currency name of Bhutan: NU (nu. ), equivalent to Indian Rupee.
1 Bhutan nuzam = 0. 1 1 RMB =0.0 18 USD. The fiscal year of Bhutan is 1 year from July to June 30th of the following year. In fiscal year 2009, Bhutan's national fiscal revenue was1563.843 million Nu, an increase of 4.4% over 2008. In 2009, the foreign exchange reserve was 39.575 billion Nu (about 820 million US dollars). In 2009, the foreign debt was 57.425 billion Nu (55% of which was Indian Rupee's debt), an increase of 18.6% over 2008.
The main financial institutions in Bhutan are Royal Monetary Authority and Bank of Bhutan. Royal Currency Board was established in 1982 and is the central bank of Bhutan. It is responsible for formulating and implementing the government's monetary policy and handling foreign currency deposits on behalf of the government. Bhutan Bank, founded in 1968, is a national commercial bank, which was jointly established with state bank of india. In 2002, state bank of india handed over the management right to Bhutan, and its shareholding ratio was reduced from 40% to 20%.
As a milestone in Bhutan's privatization process, the Bhutanese government allowed the financial sector to publicly issue shares in 1996, and signed an agreement with the Asian Development Bank and Citibank to allow it to purchase no more than 40% of the shares of the National Bank of Bhutan. Bhutan's foreign trade is mainly conducted among SAARC members. India is the largest trading partner and has signed a free trade agreement with Bhutan. In 20 10, Bhutan imported 39.084 billion Nu and exported 29.324 billion Nu. Bhutan's imports and exports to India account for 75% and 89% of the total imports and exports respectively. Other major trading partners are Korea, Thailand, Singapore, Japan and China. Among them, Bhutan and Bangladesh signed a preferential trade agreement.
Bhutan's main export products are electricity, chemicals, wood, processed food and mineral products. The main imported products are fuel, grain, automobiles, machinery, metals and plastics. After the Bhutanese government officially announced the legalization of Internet and cable TV in 1999, TV soon entered the lives of ordinary people in Bhutan. In the past, it took at least 800 Nu (1 Nu, about 0. 15 RMB) to rent a video every month, and only 300 Nu was needed to watch 50 cable TV channels, including China TV channel.
The development of mobile communication industry in Bhutan is only a few years, but the progress is not slow. 1999 Bhutan Telecom Company was established in June of 1 and is the only state-owned telecom operator in the country. In March 2003, Bhutan Telecom launched the first phase of the mobile phone project. In June of the same year, mobile phone service covered nearly two-thirds of Bhutan. In 2008, Bhutan Telecom also launched 3G service. The latest statistics show that Bhutan has nearly 200,000 mobile phone users, and the mobile phone penetration rate is nearly 30%.
Bhutan has established the national computer internet in 1999. However, due to the influence of network hardware facilities, there are only 30,000 netizens in Bhutan, with a penetration rate of only 5%, and they are concentrated in Thimphu and Pengcuolin. Most Bhutanese families still can't own computers.
At the beginning of 20 10, Bhutan Telecom has expanded the international Internet bandwidth from 1 10Mbps to 330Mbps, and Bhutanese have increasingly diversified Internet access methods, including broadband services, General Packet Radio System (GPRS) and 3G mobile network services. According to statistics, there are about 1.2 million registered users of mobile network services and nearly 5,000 registered users of broadband services in Bhutan. The total highway mileage in Bhutan is 8366.2km (20 1 1 as of June 30th), and there are 54 vehicles123 vehicles (20 10). Horses, cows and mules are still the main means of transportation in mountainous areas. There are many rivers, but they are too fast to sail.
Paro Airport is the only airport in Bhutan, 65 kilometers away from the capital Thimphu. Airlines include Drucker Airlines, which was established in February 1983. The routes include from Paro to New Delhi, Kolkata, Kathmandu, Dhaka, Bangkok and Yangon, and there are no domestic routes. 20 10 transports passengers 132600 people.