Attached to the situation of Syrian oil:
Syria is located in the oil-producing area at the northern end of the Arab region, on the edge of Iraq's large oil fields, and has more than 800 oil and gas structures. The exploited oil fields are concentrated in the Euphrates River basin in the east of Syria and the border area between Turkey and Iraq in the northeast. At present, the proven reserves are 2.5 billion barrels, accounting for 3.47% of the total oil reserves in Arab countries (7 188 billion barrels) and 0.2% of the world's total reserves.
Syria's oil industry started late, starting in the early 1980s. Prior to this, Syria had been importing oil from Iraq. The first oil development project with commercial value was Caraciuc Oilfield in the northeast (1956 development), and 1968 started oil production, mainly producing heavy oil. In the next 10 year, the daily output will basically be maintained at 15000- 17000 barrels. From 65438 to 0984, the paxton subsidiary of Shell Oil Company of the United States discovered light oil in the Yuhe River Basin, and the Syrian oil industry entered a new era. Syria achieved self-sufficiency in oil in 1988, and began to export oil in 1989, becoming an oil exporter from an oil importer, which made a profit of 654.38 billion Syrian pounds for Syria's foreign trade that year. Oil has become one of the important pillars of Syria's national economy and the main source of Syria's foreign exchange. Syria's oil export revenue has always accounted for more than 50% of Syria's total export revenue, which was 68.2% in 2000 and 69.5% in 20001year respectively. Syria has not joined the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, but it is a member of the Arab Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
Compared with previous years, Syria's oil production has shown a downward trend in recent years. The highest daily output 1.996, reaching 588,000 barrels; 1.999 and the daily output of crude oil in 2000 were 579,472 and 545,677 barrels respectively; In 2006, it was 5438+0, which decreased to 50560 1 barrel, and in 2002 it was about 565438 barrels.
The Syrian government directly participates in the formulation of Syrian oil-related policies, plans and regulations. The government stipulates that foreign oil companies must have Syrian technicians to participate in the whole process from exploration to drilling, Syrian geologists to participate in geological analysis and evaluation, and all information obtained by foreign companies must be placed in Syrian oil companies and relevant government departments; Foreign companies with concessions are not allowed to sell and refine crude oil produced in their blocks without authorization, but sell it to Syrian oil companies at agreed prices, but companies that have reached a product sharing contract with Syria can enjoy certain freedom in crude oil sales.
Comparison of crude oil production in Syria in recent years;
The product sharing contract is the main way of cooperation between Syria and foreign oil companies, that is, foreign oil companies will make full investment in oil exploration and exploitation in Syria according to the contract, and obtain oil in stages to compensate their investment. The exploration investment will be recovered from the discovery of oil, and the scale investment of production and development will be gradually recovered within 5- 10 years according to the contract. The principle of proportion after oil production is as follows: if the daily output is less than 200 thousand barrels, 75% of this income will be charged, and foreign oil companies will charge 25%; If the daily output exceeds 200,000 barrels, it will be divided into 85% and 15% respectively, which is also flexible in contract negotiation. This division is modeled after Egypt.
● Major oil institutions in Syria
The Syrian Ministry of Oil is responsible for the implementation of relevant government laws and regulations, and its four subordinate departments are in charge of related businesses: Syrian (National) Oil Company (SPC); Syrian Oil Transportation Company (SCOT); Syrian Petroleum Storage and Marketing Company (SYROL) and two oil refining companies.
(1) Syrian Oil Company
The Syrian Oil Company was formerly the General Committee of Petroleum Affairs, which was established in 1958. Later, it was renamed as "Oil Corporation" and renamed as "Syrian Oil Company" on 1974. Decree number. 18, which was promulgated that year, clearly stipulated that the company was a national oil company, directly under the Ministry of Oil, and was fully responsible for all national oil and gas exploration and exploitation activities, and encouraged foreign oil companies to invest in Syrian oil exploration and exploitation. SPC is also responsible for bidding for these projects; Manage the operation of major oil fields in China; On behalf of the Syrian government and international oil companies, a joint venture company was established to explore and exploit oil and gas projects.
The oil output of SPC Oilfield is100000 tons, accounting for one third of Syria's total output. These oilfields include KARATCHUK Oilfield, JIBEISSAH Oilfield, RUMAILAN Oilfield, MALEH Oilfield, Xizhan Oilfield, QAHAR Oilfield, Asla Oilfield (ASRAQ) and TANAK Oilfield.
In order to attract investment and accelerate the development of petroleum industry, in 2000, the Syrian Ministry of Petroleum announced five blocks for domestic and foreign companies to bid for, and in 2002, it announced 1 1 unexploited blocks. Bidding and evaluation of all these blocks are conducted by Syrian Oil Company.
(2) Syrian Oil Transportation Company
There are two transportation companies under the Ministry of Petroleum: Syrian Petroleum Transportation Company (SCOT), headquartered in Bahners Province, which transports the light oil produced in the Euphrates River basin in eastern Syria to the Mediterranean coastal port of Bahners for export through the central province of Homs, which is the transportation channel for Syria's import and export of light oil.
Another oil transportation company is Syrian Crude Oil Transportation Company (SCOTRACO), headquartered in Homs, which is responsible for transporting the heavy oil produced in Suvidia in the northeast of Syria to the Mediterranean port of Tartus via Homs, and is an oil pipeline for Syria to export heavy oil.
There are three oil export terminals in Syria, which are located in the ports of Bahners, Tartus and Latakia on the Mediterranean coast. Banas can accommodate oil tankers with a tonnage of 2 10000 tons, and its oil storage capacity is 437000 tons of that of 19 oil tanks. Tartus can accommodate an oil tanker with a tonnage of 6,543,800 tons, which is connected with Bahners Wharf through oil pipes. Latakia Terminal can accommodate 50,000-ton oil tankers. These three terminals are managed and operated by Syrian Oil Transportation Company.
In addition to the internal and external transportation of petroleum and petrochemical products, Syrian Oil Transportation Company also manages oil pipelines in Syria, including: 1, and the oil pipeline from the Northeast Oilfield of Syrian Oil Company to Tartus Wharf, with a daily transportation capacity of 250,000 barrels. 2. The petrochemical pipeline from Homs Refinery to Damascus, Aleppo and Latakia has an annual transportation capacity of 500,000 tons. 3. The daily transportation capacity of the branch pipeline from Taimu Oilfield and other oilfields to the T-2 pumping station on the original Iraqi oil pipeline is 654.38+10,000 barrels. 4. Branch pipelines from 4.Ashala Oilfield and Ward Oilfield to T-2 Pumping Station. 5. Another oil pipeline in Syria is from Kirkuk oil field in Iraq to Bahners port in Syria, and it has been closed since 1982.
65438+1During the exchange of visits between the foreign ministers of Iraq and Syria in July and August 1998, a memorandum of understanding and related agreements on oil cooperation were signed. The two sides agreed to build a new oil pipeline to the Mediterranean via Syria, with a daily oil transportation capacity of 6.5438+0.4 million barrels; Repair the old oil pipeline between the two countries as soon as possible, and restore it to 300,000 barrels per day ahead of schedule, eventually reaching 6,543.8+0.4 million barrels; Jointly invested with * * * to build an oil refinery with a refining capacity of 6,543,800+4,000 barrels in Bahners Port. Due to the collapse of Saddam Hussein's regime, the prospects of the above projects are not optimistic.
Companies such as Shell and TotalFinaElf have submitted applications to the Syrian Ministry of Oil to participate in the development.