1. When receiving foreign exchange funds, register USD and RMB accounts:
Debit: Bank deposit-USD account,
Credit: accounts receivable,
2. When settling in USD:
Debit: bank deposit-RMB,
Financial expenses-exchange gains and losses (calculated by difference),
Loan: bank deposit or accounts receivable-USD account,
3. If the enterprise transfers foreign exchange once a month, it needs to be adjusted according to the exchange rate:
When the current exchange rate is less than the book exchange rate, it means that the exchange rate has decreased:
① In case of loss of assets such as accounts receivable and bank deposits, debit the subject of "financial expenses", and the entries are as follows:
Debit: financial expenses-exchange gains and losses,
Loans: bank deposits or accounts receivable,
(2) For liabilities such as accounts payable, expenses will also be reduced, and the reduced part will be debited to the subject of "financial expenses" and filled in red. The entry is:
Debit: financial expenses-exchange gains and losses (red),
Credit: accounts payable,
When the current exchange rate is greater than the book exchange rate, it means that the exchange rate has risen:
(1) For asset items equivalent to value-added, the value-added part can be debited to "financial expenses" and filled in red:
Debit: financial expenses-exchange gains (red),
Loans: bank deposits (or accounts receivable),
(2) For liabilities such as accounts payable, the expenses will also increase, and the increased part can be included in the debit of "financial expenses". The entries are as follows:
Debit: financial expenses-exchange gains and losses,
Credit: accounts payable.