1964 Castro visited the Soviet Union, accepted the principles of "international division of labor", "specialization" and "integration" put forward by the Soviet Union, and unilaterally developed the production of agricultural and mineral products such as sugar, tropical fruits, tobacco and nickel. 1972 joined CMEA, and 1975 made the decision of "one dominant company" .5666666676 Production management and economic planning were all carried out in accordance with the Soviet system. According to the two five-year plan protocols signed by Cuba and the Soviet Union in the same year, the first five-year plan formulated by Cuba (1976- 1980) must be coordinated with the tenth five-year plan of the Soviet Union. 19438+0980, Castro put forward the tasks of "strengthening national defense" and "developing production"
1990 In February 1986, the "Big Three" of Cuba adopted the outline of the third five-year economic and social development plan (1986-1990) and made a resolution on the management system of economic planning. Due to the falling prices of sugar and oil in the international market and the drought for four consecutive years, Cuba's sugar production, export and oil re-export have suffered certain losses. Castro put forward the revised outline at the 1 1 meeting of the National People's Power Congress, and announced that from 1987, a severe economic austerity plan and 28 specific measures would be implemented to cope with the economic difficulties. The total social output of 1985 is 27.2 billion pesos, the economic growth rate is 4.3%, and 1986 is 0.
In recent years, in order to overcome the serious crisis caused by the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the Cuban government has constantly adjusted its foreign policy while adjusting its domestic policy. Remarkable achievements have been made in winning international solidarity, improving international relations and breaking the American blockade, which has also created a good external environment for Cuba's reform and opening up.
1996 Cuba's main economic problem is foreign exchange. 1996 another serious problem in Cuba is the production and consumption of oil. Sugar, which has always been the most important economic sector for Cuba to obtain foreign exchange, is also in crisis.
1996 one of the key problems of Cuba's infrastructure is electricity. At present, the power generation is only 30% of 1989. The most basic telecommunications equipment in the world today is also extremely scarce in Cuba. At present, there are only three telephone lines for every 100 Cubans. Finally, 196 The housing situation in Cuba will be in crisis.
In recent years, the Cuban government has taken a series of economic measures to improve socialism and promote economic reform. At present, the economic reform has achieved initial results and the production situation has been improving. 1994, the country stopped its economic decline and began to show signs of recovery. The GDP of that year increased by 0.7%. Since 1995, the recovery momentum has been sustained. Cuba has also made a lot of efforts in attracting foreign investment. More than 200 joint ventures have opened in Cuba. Foreign direct investment has reached $265.438 billion, distributed in 34 economic sectors across the country. 1In September 1995, Cuba officially promulgated a new foreign investment law, which provided more opportunities for foreign investment with more open and flexible reforms.
Sugar is an important product and export commodity of Cuba, which is expected to exceed 4.5 million tons this year. The oil output is 6.5438+0.4 million tons. The output of nickel and cobalt is expected to exceed 50,000 tons at 654.38+0.996, an increase of 25% over 654.38+0.995. Tourism is a key industry in Cuba, with 740,000 foreign tourists, 654.38+0.995.