Ningbo Kensuke
Ningbo, referred to as "Yong" for short, is located on the coast of the East China Sea, in the middle of the coastline, in the southeast wing of the Yangtze River Delta and at the eastern end of the Ningshao Plain, that is, from 120 55' to 122 16' in east longitude and from 28 5 1' to 30 33' in north latitude. Zhoushan Archipelago is a natural barrier in the east, Hangzhou Bay in the north, Shengxian, Xinchang and Shangyu in Shaoxing in the west, and Sanmen Bay in the south, which is connected with Sanmen and Tiantai in Taizhou. The total area of this city is 9365 square kilometers. The city governs Haishu, Jiangdong, Jiangbei, Yinzhou, Zhenhai and Beilun, Fenghua, Cixi and Yuyao, Xiangshan and Ninghai counties.
The main mountain ranges in Ningbo are Siming Mountain and Tiantai Mountain. Siming Mountain, also known as Yushan Mountain, is a branch of Tiantai Mountain, which spans Yuyao, Yinzhou and Fenghua, and is connected with Shengzhou, Xinchang and Tiantai. The mountains are undulating and winding, with steep cliffs and dense forests. Siming Mountain, according to records, said: "Around Siming Mountain, there are 800 Li and 280 peaks, which are in phase with each other and have five peaks in the middle. It looks like a lotus and is suspected to be near a star. The top of the mountain is extremely flat and straight, with a square stone like a window connecting the sun, the moon and the starlight, so it is called Siming. " This is the origin of the name Siming Mountain. Tiantai Mountain, the main mountain range is in Tiantai County, and the rest is in Ningbo. The four feeder lines enter from the northwest and southwest of Ninghai County respectively, and extend to Zhenhai and the eastern mountainous area of Yinzhou District through Xiangshan Port.
Ningbo has a long coastline, winding ports and dotted islands. The total sea area of the city is 9,758 square kilometers, and the total coastline is 1.562 kilometers, including 788 kilometers of mainland coastline and 774 kilometers of island coastline, accounting for one third of the province's coastline. There are 53/kloc-0 islands in the city, covering an area of 524.07 square kilometers. Ningbo has two bays and one port, namely Sanmen Bay, Hangzhou Bay and Xiangshan Port. These bays are injected by Qiantang River, Yongjiang River and many streams, carrying a lot of sediment and nutrients, which provide rich nutrients for biological reproduction in beaches and offshore areas.
The coastal tides in Ningbo belong to the irregular semidiurnal tide type, with two high tides and two low tides a day. The average high tide level is 3. 14m above Wusong, the highest tide level is 4.86m, the average low tide level is 1.47m, and the lowest tide level is 0.3 1m ... The tidal range of Sanmenwan, Xiangshan Port and Yongjiang River decreases from south to north, and the tide outside Yongjiang Town is located. The urban "Sanjiangkou" suddenly rose during the flood season.
There are three rivers in Ningbo: Yaojiang, Fenghua and Yongjiang. Yuyao River originates from Lianghu Lake in Shangyu County; Fenghua River originates from Bambusa bambusa in Fenghua City. Yuyao River and Fenghua River join the Yongjiang River at the "Three Estuaries" in the urban area and flow northeast to the sea through Zhaobaoshan. The whole Yongjiang River basin is abundant in rainfall and water resources.
Ningbo has a subtropical monsoon climate with four distinct seasons and an annual average temperature of 65438 06.2℃. The average maximum temperature in July is 28.8℃, 1 month minimum temperature is -4.2℃. The frost-free period in the city is generally 230 to 240 days, and the crop growth period is 300 days, which is suitable for the growth of crops such as grain, cotton and oil. The average annual precipitation from May to September is 1300 ~ 1400mm, accounting for 60% of the annual precipitation.
Ningbo has a long history and is the birthplace of Hemudu culture with 7000 years of civilization. During the Spring and Autumn Period, it was Yue State. During the Qin Dynasty, it belonged to three counties of Huiji County, namely Yin, Zhi and Zhi, and it was called Mingzhou in the Tang Dynasty. In the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 138 1), it took the meaning of "removing bones from sea rules" and has been in use ever since. In the Tang Dynasty, Ningbo, Yangzhou and Guangzhou were also called the three major foreign trade ports in China. Song Dynasty, Guangzhou and Quanzhou were listed as the three major ports of foreign trade. After the Opium War, it was turned into one of the "five-port trade".
The tree in Ningbo is camphor tree, and the city flower is camellia.
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. Introduction to Ningbo-Ningbo.
Ningbo, referred to as "Yong" for short, is located on the coast of the East China Sea and in the middle of China's coastline. It is a sub-provincial city in China that further opens to the outside world and a "larger city" with the right to formulate local laws and regulations. It is a national historical and cultural city. The city has jurisdiction over Yinxian, Xiangshan and Ninghai counties, and Yuyao, Cixi and Fenghua counties. There are five districts in the urban area: Haishu, Jiangdong, Jiangbei, Zhenhai and Beilun. The city has a total area of 9365 square kilometers and a total population of 5.4 million, including urban area 1.033 square kilometers and population 1.24 million.
Ningbo has a long history and is the birthplace of Hemudu culture with 7000 years of civilization. In the Spring and Autumn Period, it belonged to Yue State; in the Qin Dynasty, it belonged to Yin, Tongshang and Zhang Ju counties in Huiji County; in the Tang Dynasty, it was called Mingzhou. In the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 138 1), it was renamed as Ningbo, which means "Boning is the rule of the sea" and has been in use ever since. Ningbo, Yangzhou and Guangzhou were called the three major foreign trade ports of China in the Tang Dynasty, and were tied with Guangzhou and Quanzhou in the Song Dynasty. After the Opium War, it was turned into one of the "five-port trade" ports.
Since the reform and opening up, Ningbo's social and economic undertakings have developed vigorously. In 2000, the city's GDP reached11910.50 billion yuan, and its fiscal revenue reached10.40 billion yuan. People's living standards have improved significantly. The per capita disposable income of urban residents is 1092 1 yuan, and the per capita net income of farmers is 5069 yuan. Ningbo ranks 27th among 2 19 cities above prefecture level, top 50 cities in terms of comprehensive strength and top 40 cities in terms of investment environment.
Ningbo Port is a multi-functional and multi-level comprehensive port composed of Beilun Port Area, Zhenhai Port Area and Ningbo Port Area. Inland port, estuary port and waterway port coexist, and large, medium and small berths are matched. More than 500-ton productive berths 183 have been built, including 27 berths of 10,000-ton class. Beilun Port is wide in water depth, not frozen or silted, with Zhoushan Islands as a natural barrier in front and a wide and flat land area. The water depth of the main channel is mostly more than 50 meters, and 300,000-ton ships can enter and exit at high tide. At present, there are 25,000-250,000-ton berths 17 berths, including 654.38+10,000-ton and 200,000-ton ore transfer terminals for reliably berthing 300,000-ton world super-large cargo ships. In 2000, the port cargo throughput of Ningbo Port was115.47 million tons, making it the second largest port with 100 million tons along the coast of Chinese mainland, and the international container throughput exceeded 900,000 TEUs. Ningbo Port has opened air routes with more than 500 ports in more than 80 countries and regions around the world. There are container routes from Ningbo to Japan, South Korea, Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Southeast Asian countries and regions.
Ningbo is a transportation hub along the coast of Zhejiang Province, forming a water, land and air transportation network centered on the deep-water port. Xiao-Yong double track connecting Beilun Port and Zhenhai Port has been basically completed and connected with the national railway network; The roads extend in all directions, and the Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo Expressway makes it only 3 hours' drive from Ningbo to Shanghai. Ningbo section of coastal national trunk line will be completed soon; As an airport port, ningbo lishe international airport has opened flights from Ningbo to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dalian, Haikou, Xi 'an, Xiamen, Wuhan, Qingdao, Fuzhou, Chengdu, Nanjing, Shantou, Chongqing, Changsha, Kunming, Wenzhou, Shenyang, Harbin, Nanchang, Guilin, Zhengzhou, Jinan, Zhangjiajie, Hefei, Quanzhou, Zhuhai and Guiyang.
Ningbo has advanced post and telecommunications facilities, and the number of program-controlled telephones and mobile phones is in a leading position in the country. The number of urban telephone users and rural telephone users reached 574,700 and 726,900 respectively. Ningbo has sufficient electricity, and Beilun Power Plant and Zhenhai Power Plant have 2.85 million kilowatt units connected to the grid for power generation.
Ningbo is an important industrial base in Zhejiang Province, and also an important producer of grain, cotton and oil-water products. There are traditional industries represented by clothing, textiles and machinery, and large-scale industrial systems represented by petrochemicals, steel, electricity and paper making. Ningbo rural area is a rural economic zone with grain and cotton production, diversified economy and comprehensive development of township industries.
As a foreign trade port with a long history, Ningbo's foreign economy and trade have developed rapidly. In 2000, the city's import and export trade volume was $75.4/kloc-0.0 billion, of which the export volume was $5 1.68 billion, up by 50.5% and 48.6% respectively over the previous year. Foreign direct investment has increased steadily. By the end of 2000, the city had approved 5040 foreign-invested enterprises with a total investment of $654.38+03.2 billion. Among them, there are 302 large-scale projects that have been put into trial production, under construction and to be built, with amounts ranging from tens of millions of dollars to billions of dollars. 28 Fortune 500 companies invested in Ningbo.
Ningbo Economic and Technological Development Zone was established with the approval of the State Council on 1984, covering an area of 29.6 square kilometers. It is one of the largest development zones in China, and also an energy and raw material base and export processing zone in Zhejiang and even East China. All kinds of supporting facilities in the development zone are perfect and the investment environment is excellent. By the end of 2000, industrialists from 33 countries and regions, including Japan, the United States, Germany, South Korea and so on 16 internationally renowned multinational companies, had set up "foreign-funded" enterprises in the development zone, with a total investment of 4.59 billion US dollars and contractual utilization of foreign capital of 3.75 billion US dollars. Up to now, the development zone has introduced 4540 enterprises of various types. In 2000, the industrial output value was 22.2 billion yuan.
Ningbo Bonded Zone was formally established with the approval of the State Council in 1992 1 1. Relying on Beilun Port and Economic and Technological Development Zone, the 2.3-square-kilometer Free Trade Zone is free of trade, goods entry and exit, foreign exchange and personnel entry and exit. It is an economic zone with the highest degree of opening to the outside world and the most favorable conditions in China. It is also a free trade zone closely linked with the international market and operated according to international practices. By the end of 2000, 3,379 enterprises had been approved, and the import and export trade volume increased by 53.3% annually, ranking first in China's bonded areas 15.
1Daxie Island, which was developed by China International Trust and Investment Company with the approval of the state in March, 1993, enjoys the preferential policies of the development zone. Daxie Development Zone is located in the east of Ningbo, only 600 meters away from the mainland, covering an area of 30.84 square kilometers, with a deep-water coastline of 15 kilometers and a water depth of 40-60 meters. It can build a 200,000-ton deep-water wharf. The cross-sea highway and railway bridge with an investment of 370 million yuan is about to open to traffic. By the end of 2000, the investment in infrastructure construction was 1 100 million yuan. Daxie development zone is developing smoothly according to the goal of "world-class port economic and trade zone"
Located in the city center, the Municipal Science and Technology Park is a high-tech industrial park under construction, focusing on the development of high-tech industries such as electronic information, electromechanical integration, new materials and marine biomedical engineering, and has been invested and developed by more than 400 domestic and foreign enterprises.
Since further opening to the outside world, Ningbo has developed friendly exchanges with other countries. The city has received foreigners and overseas Chinese from more than 100 countries and regions, and has formally established sister cities with Nagaoka, Japan, Aachen, France, Wilmington, Rouen, New Zealand and Baixi. At the same time, it has established friendly exchange relations with Yitian, Ueda, Shi Tian, Han Guoshun, Barcelona, Houston and Surrey.
Ningbo is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in China. There are more than 300 Wanning bloggers and their descendants living in 64 overseas countries and regions, including local industrial and commercial giants, celebrities in science and technology, community leaders and celebrities. They love their hometown and have a high enthusiasm for serving mulberry. Since Ningbo further opened to the outside world, there have been more than 320,000 overseas Ningbo citizens. They have returned to their hometowns to visit relatives, travel, invest in factories and trade, and generously donated more than 2,000 public welfare undertakings such as education and health, totaling 640 million yuan. Approved by international organizations, five asteroids were named after five famous Ningbo citizens, including Wang Kuancheng, Li Dasan, Cao Cursor and Tan. Overseas Ningbo citizens are the bridge and link between Ningbo and overseas.
Ningbo is known as the "cradle of humanity", and its science, education, culture, health and sports undertakings are relatively developed. Among the academicians of China Academy of Sciences and China Academy of Engineering, there are 74 Ningbo academicians. There are 200,000 scientific and technical personnel in this city. In 2000, the output value of high-tech products in the city exceeded 30 billion yuan. There are 12 institutions of higher learning, 3,467 full-time schools with students 1 10,000, and the coverage rate of nine-year compulsory education 100%. There are 3 municipal radio and television stations and 8 county radio and television stations, with radio and television coverage rates of 97.75% and 97.3% respectively. There are 23,500 professional health technicians in the city. Sports in Ningbo has made progress year by year. In 2000, Ningbo successfully held the first National Games and won 293 medals in international and domestic competitions at or above the provincial level, which won glory for Ningbo.
Ningbo has four distinct seasons, mild climate, beautiful mountains and rivers and a rich collection of people. It is one of the first excellent tourist cities in China. There are 232 key cultural relics protection units in China, including Hemudu Cultural Site with a 7,000-year civilization history, Tianyi Pavilion, the oldest library in China, Guobao Temple, Yuelao Site in Shanglin Lake, Tashanyan Ancient Water Conservancy Project, Zhenhai Haikou Coastal Defence Site, Fenghua River Former Residence, Tiantong Temple, the second of the five largest Zen Mountains in the world, and other seven national key cultural relics protection units. There are Sakyamuni relic Asoka Temple, Xuedou Temple in Maitreya Dojo, one of the five famous Buddhist mountains in China, Xikou, the hometown of Jiang and his son, Xuedou Mountain National Scenic Area and Dongqian Lake Provincial Scenic Area, the largest freshwater lake in Zhejiang. Taking Ningbo as the axis, it connects Putuo Mountain, the "Haitian Buddha Country" in the east, Yandang Mountain, the world's beautiful peak in the south, the beautiful West Lake in Hangzhou in the west and Shanghai in the north, forming a tourist network with convenient transportation and complete facilities. In 2000, the number of overseas tourists visiting Ningbo reached 6.5438+0.24 million, and the total domestic tourism income was 65.438+0./kloc-0.57 billion yuan.
Ningbo has great development potential, and the central and provincial governments are very concerned about the opening, development and construction of Ningbo. Li Peng wrote an inscription for Ningbo: "As an oriental harbor, an outpost of reform and opening up". The central government and the province clearly put forward that Ningbo should be built into an important industrial city, heavy chemical industry base, foreign trade port and economic center of Zhejiang Province in East China. Ningbo is launching the "New Century Project" in an all-round way, launching a large number of important projects with large investment and high starting point in port collection and distribution network, industrial development, opening to the outside world, scientific and educational development, urban and rural construction and cultural construction. Its implementation will greatly enhance Ningbo's comprehensive competitiveness and urban location. The prospect of Ningbo is to build itself into a modern socialist international port city with strong economic strength, high degree of opening to the outside world, developed science and culture, rich people's lives, good social atmosphere and beautiful urban and rural environment.
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