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Mexico is a federal country in North America, bordering the United States in the north, the Pacific Ocean in the south and west, Belize, Guatemala and the Caribbean in the southeast and the Gulf of Mexico in the east. With an area of nearly 2 million square kilometers (more than 760,000 square miles), it is the fifth largest country in America and the fourteenth largest country in the world. With a total population of over1.200 million, it is the most populous country in the world, the largest country in Spanish-speaking world and the second largest country in Latin America. Mexico is a federal country, including 32 states; Mexico City, its capital and largest city, is also a state.
Mexico is a free market economy. Its economic strength ranks fourth in America and thirteenth in the world. Modern industry and agriculture are developed, and the proportion of private economy is also increasing greatly. After the formal establishment of 1994 NAFTA, the trade and investment between Mexico and the United States increased rapidly, which greatly promoted economic development and national income.
Mexico is one of the centers of ancient Indian civilization in the American continent. The world-famous Olmec culture, Tortek culture, Teotihuacan culture, Sapotek culture, Maya culture and Aztec culture were all created by ancient Mexican Indians. The pyramid of the sun and the Moon Pyramid, built in the north of Mexico City in BC, are the representatives of this splendid ancient culture. The ancient city of Teotihuacan, where the pyramid of the sun and the Moon Pyramid are located, was declared as the common heritage of mankind by UNESCO.
In ancient Mexico, Indians planted corn, so Mexico was called "the land of corn". Mexico has also won the reputation of "cactus country", "silver kingdom" and "country floating on the oil sea" in different historical periods.