2. Left-wing forces: 19 19, the Paris Peace Conference failed, the May 4th Movement broke out and workers came to power. CPC was established in 192 1.
3. Great Revolution: With the strong support of the Soviet Union (* * * international), Sun Wen reorganized the Kuomintang and put forward the idea of "uniting Russia to help workers and peasants" and the new Three People's Principles. 1924, Huangpu Military Academy was established, with Chiang Kai-shek as the principal (Zhou Enlai as the director of the political department), and the first cooperation between the two countries and the Chinese Communist Party was realized. Defeated Sun and Wu, and finally passed the northeast flag change, and the whole country basically agreed (even so, in fact, only Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai areas are really in the hands of the Kuomintang and are still in a state of separatism. However, at this time, the Qing Party movement took place, the country fell apart, and a large number of Chinese Communist Party party member and Kuomintang leftists were slaughtered.
4. The rise of the armed forces of the Communist Party of China: After the failure of the Great Revolution, the Communist Party of China immediately started armed struggle. With the Nanchang Uprising of 1927, and the armed movement mainly focusing on the Autumn Harvest Uprising, it established base areas in many parts of the country, and finally established China on193165438+1October 7. After stabilizing the warlords, the Kuomintang Nanjing government began to surround the Soviet area. After five times of encirclement and suppression, the Red Army was finally forced to abandon Ruijin and start the Long March. After several twists and turns, the Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi (during the Zunyi Conference, Mao gradually entered the core of the party's leadership). During this period, the Central Army began to enter Guizhou, Yunnan and Sichuan on the grounds of fighting bandits.
5. Japanese invasion: September 18, 193 1 outbreak. Due to the policy of non-resistance, the northeast was completely destroyed in a few months, and Japan began to establish a puppet Manchukuo and organize large-scale immigration. Since then, Japan has obtained a large number of natural resources (coal, grain) and labor from the northeast, and its strength has begun to grow rapidly.
6.Xi Incident: Chiang Kai-shek ordered the Northeast Army to retreat and attack Yan 'an. 1936 June+1February, the Xi Incident broke out, and Chiang Kai-shek was forced to declare "stop the civil war and unite against Japan", which promoted the second national cooperation.
7. Total War of Resistance:
Kuomintang: Actually, due to the "River-America Agreement" signed by the National Government and Japan, North China actually fell into a state of autonomy before the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War. The July 7th Incident broke out in 1937, but at present, Japan was not ready for a full-scale invasion of China, and its troops in Beijing and Tianjin were less than 10,000. In response, Nanjing government troops marched into the autonomous region, and the Japanese side protested. Immediately, in order to lead the main attack direction of the Japanese army to the south of the Yangtze River, the Nanjing government launched the Battle of Songhu and assembled more than 700,000 troops to attack Shanghai. At this time, the Japanese army had only 300,000 troops nationwide and was forced to fully mobilize. Due to the wrong refueling tactics and the Japanese air and sea superiority, the battle between Songhu and Shanghai ended in a crushing defeat of the national army, and the Japanese army advanced and attacked Nanjing. Because the Nanjing garrison commander fled the battlefield, Nanjing was in chaos, and the modernization direction that cost a lot of money around it was useless. Then it fell, the Nanjing Massacre occurred, and the Nanjing government moved its capital to Wuhan. Immediately, the Japanese army launched the battles of Guangzhou and Wuhan. The Kuomintang fell one after another and the government moved to Chongqing. In the north, due to disobedience on the battlefield,120,000 national troops could not surround 20,000 Japanese troops, and Kaifeng was in danger. Chiang Kai-shek ordered the bombing of the Huayuankou, which flooded the area for thousands of miles and killed hundreds of thousands of civilians. From then on until 1944, the two sides confronted each other here. 194 1 At the end of the year, the Pacific War broke out, and then the National Government declared war on Japan. From 193 1, after September 18, 1 1, China and Japan finally entered a state of war. In fact, after the Battle of Wuhan, the Japanese army changed the means of storming and adopted the method of luring and surrendering, trying to make the Kuomintang rewrite the Three People's Principles and merge with the Nanjing puppet government to form a "new China". Since then, the battlefield in China is basically in a stalemate. During the period of 1944, the Japanese army was already at a disadvantage in the battlefields in the Pacific Ocean and Southeast Asia. Even in China, air superiority has been lost. The Japanese army launched the No.1 Campaign in order to get through the battlefield communication line in China. From Henan to Guizhou, public opinion was in an uproar. However, due to the victory of the world anti-fascist war, the Kuomintang finally persisted until the end of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
CPC: The Red Army accepted the change and established the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army. The New Fourth Army was active in southern Anhui, and the Eighth Route Army crossed the Yellow River and entered North China. In Shanxi, the Eighth Route Army won War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's first victory. After the Battle of Wuhan, the Japanese army shifted its focus from the Kuomintang to the Communist Party of China, during which many battles broke out, such as Hundred Regiments War and Mayday Sweeping. During this period, the Chinese Communist Party continued to develop and expand its base areas, and its strength increased to a certain extent, reaching hundreds of thousands in 1944, and launched a large-scale counterattack against the Japanese army in 1945, recovering a large number of territories. During the counter-offensive, the armed forces of the Communist Party of China were greatly strengthened. By the time of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the armed forces of the Communist Party of China had reached more than 6,543,800+200,000.
8, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory and failure:
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, despite the opposition of the Soviet Union, France and Britain, China became a permanent member of the United Nations as a victorious country with the support of the United States.
Sadly, however, China is still a weak country in essence. After the Anti-Japanese War, China signed a series of unfair treaties with the United States and the Soviet Union. Changchun Railway and Lushun Military Port were ceded to the Soviet Union, while the United States put economic interests first. Sadly, outer Mongolia was betrayed in order to get the guarantee that the Soviet Union would not support the CCP in the Northeast. 1946 Mongolian independence.
9, * * * civil war:
The Kuomintang tore up the October 10th agreement of Chongqing peace talks and launched a civil war. At the beginning of the civil war, the national army was 4.3 million, * * * army1.2000. After three years of war, the national army was wiped out and retreated to Taiwan Province Province.
10, People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded: 1949 10 10.
1 1, Resisting US Aggression and Aid Korea:1950 On June 25th, North Korea crossed the 38th parallel and the Korean War began. On June 27th, the Seventh Fleet intervened in Taiwan Province Province. At the beginning of the war, Korea was like a bamboo, and the United States and South Korea were pressed into the Busan defense circle, but the form changed greatly after Incheon landed. American troops crossed the 38th parallel northward and approached the Yalu River. On June+10, 5438, the first batch of volunteers began to enter the DPRK. Due to surprise and ingenious tactics, the United States and South Korea quickly collapsed and fled south, and the volunteers once hit the 37 th line. However, after all, the United States is a superpower, and the front line retreated to the 38th parallel, and the two sides stopped fighting at 1953. During the Korean War, the US military mobilized, with a total force of 5.7 million, invested 480,000 front-line troops in North Korea, and the navy invested more than 20 aircraft carriers before and after. During the three-year war, ammunition consumption exceeded the whole World War II. Before and after the first line of volunteers * * * invested three million troops. In terms of casualties, the total number of casualties of the United Nations Army is 2.42 million (this figure comes from the American Korean War Memorial Hall), and the Chinese casualties are generally estimated at 900,000. Coupled with the casualties of North Korea, the total casualties of China and North Korea should be more than one million.
12, since the founding:
The first 30 years: by 1952, the national economy had surpassed the best level before the war. During the first five-year plan and the second five-year plan, due to the assistance of the Soviet Union, large-scale industrial construction was carried out nationwide. By 1978, the industrial output value has reached more than 30% of GDP. At the same time, education, science and culture have made great progress, the illiteracy rate has been greatly reduced, and infectious diseases such as schistosomiasis have been basically eliminated. Great progress has also been made in science and technology. Besides two bombs, one satellite and a nuclear submarine, China also synthesized bovine insulin in 1965, becoming the first country to realize artificial macromolecules. But these 30 years have also made many mistakes, such as the Great Leap Forward, the Great Famine and the Cultural Revolution.
In the past 30 years, China has remained basically unbeaten in wars, such as the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Vietnam, the Treasure Island War and the Sino-Indian War.
Over the past 30 years: After the reform and opening up, China began to introduce foreign capital, open its market and establish special economic zones. Due to the industrial accumulation in the first 30 years, the economy began to show explosive growth. Especially in the last decade, China's economy has made a qualitative leap. By 20 12, China will rank second in GDP, first in industrial output value and first in foreign exchange reserves. The output of most major industrial products will rank first in the world, and some even exceed half of the world. For example, in 20 12, China's steel output was 900 million tons, exceeding the sum of the second to twentieth places, and the output of cement, automobiles and non-ferrous metals ranked first in the world. At the same time, China is the fourth largest arms exporter in the world, and its military strength ranks among the top three in the world. Despite various domestic problems, China will surpass the United States and become the world's first economy within 20 years.
I am very excited. I've said a lot. Please forgive me.