q: how to calculate the advance payment business?

a: accounts received in advance refer to the liabilities formed by an enterprise receiving payment or deposit in advance from the purchasing unit or individual according to the provisions of the contract. Because it is related to the normal purchase and sale business of the enterprise, generally speaking, it will not take too long and belongs to current liabilities. However, accounts received in advance are different from accounts payable, and they should be repaid with goods or services. The following contents should be mastered in accounting the advance payment business:

(I) Account setting

The "advance payment" account belongs to the liability category, and is used for accounting the payment and deposit received in advance by the enterprise from the purchasing unit or individual according to the contract, including the foreign exchange payment and deposit received in advance by the enterprise for export commodities. The lender reflects the amount of the enterprise's advance payment and the amount of the other party's supplementary payment; Debit reflects the amount of goods and services paid by the enterprise and the amount of the balance returned; The credit balance indicates the amount of advance payment for goods and services that the enterprise has not paid. If it is a debit balance, it means the amount of money receivable. This account is accounted for in detail according to the detailed account set by the purchasing unit or individual.

(II) Accounting treatment methods

The accounting of accounts received in advance can be carried out through the "accounts received in advance" account or incorporated into the "accounts receivable" account.

(1) the accounting treatment method when passing the "accounts received in advance" account.

when the enterprise receives the payment or deposit in advance, according to the amount actually received and deposited in the bank:

debit: bank deposit (paid-in amount)

loan: advance payment-a certain company (paid-in amount)

when the enterprise pays the goods, According to the settlement amount in the special VAT invoice issued:

Debit: advance payment-XXX company (invoice amount)

Loan: main business income (payment amount)

Tax payable-VAT payable (output tax) (output tax)

If the settlement amount is greater than the advance payment amount, When receiving the payment made by the other party:

Debit: bank deposit (paid amount)

Loan: advance payment-XXX company (paid amount)

If the settlement amount is less than the advance payment, refund the overcharged payment:

Debit: advance payment-XXX company (overcharged amount)

Loan: bank deposit.

when the advance payment of an enterprise is small, it is not necessary to set up a separate "advance payment" account, and the advance payment can be incorporated into the "accounts receivable" account for accounting. In the "accounts receivable" account, when the accounts received in advance are accounted for, when the accounts received in advance or the money paid by the other party is received, it shall be credited to the "accounts receivable" account; When goods or services are paid, or overpaid advance receipts are returned, the "accounts receivable" account should be debited. If the "accounts receivable" account is a debit balance, the debit balance indicates the amount of accounts receivable; If it is a credit balance, it means that the enterprise has not paid the amount of advance payment for goods and services. This account is accounted for in detail according to the detailed account set by the purchasing unit or individual.

when the enterprise deposits the advance payment or deposit in the bank:

debit: bank deposit (paid-in amount)

loan: accounts receivable-XXX company (paid-in amount)

when the enterprise pays the goods, According to the settlement amount in the special VAT invoice issued:

Debit: accounts receivable-XXX company (invoice amount)

Loan: main business income (payment amount)

Tax payable-VAT payable (output tax) (output tax)

If the settlement amount is greater than the amount received in advance, When receiving the payment made by the other party:

Debit: bank deposit (paid amount)

Loan: accounts receivable-XXX company (paid amount)

If the settlement amount is less than the advance amount, when returning the overpaid payment:

Debit: accounts receivable-XXX company (overcharged amount)

Loan: bank deposit (RMB).