First, the national economy has made great strides, and the comprehensive national strength and international influence have achieved a great change from weak to strong that has attracted worldwide attention.
From 65438 to 0978, China's GDP was only 364.5 billion yuan, ranking 10 among the major countries in the world. The per capita gross national income is only 190 US dollars, ranking among the least developed low-income countries in the world. The promotion of reform and opening up has continuously injected vitality into development, and China's economy has rapidly embarked on the track of rapid development. The 30 years of reform and opening up have witnessed the vigorous development of China's economy, the change of China's comprehensive national strength and international influence from weak to strong, and the continuous progress of China from a low-income country in the world to a low-income country.
In the past 30 years, the economy has achieved an average annual growth rate of 9.8%, which is rare in the world. In the early days of reform and opening-up, the party and the government established the great strategic goal of "three steps" according to the overall requirements of reform and opening-up. In order to achieve this goal, the people of the whole country have worked hard to start a business with an indomitable spirit. 1987 achieved the first strategic goal of doubling the GNP ratio of 1980 three years ahead of schedule, and 1995 achieved the second strategic goal of doubling it again, and entered a new development stage of realizing the third strategic goal five years ahead of schedule. In the process of realizing the great strategic goal of "three steps", the national economy has achieved rapid growth. From 1979 to 2007, the average annual real growth rate of GDP was 9.8%, which was not only significantly higher than the average growth rate of 1953- 1978 6. 1%, but also much higher than the average annual growth rate of the world economy of 3.0% in the same period. It is equivalent to the average annual GDP growth of 9.2% in Japan and 8.5% in South Korea.
The economic aggregate is connected with several major landmark steps. The rapid economic growth has accelerated the expansion of the economic aggregate. The gross domestic product jumped rapidly from 364.5 billion yuan in 1978 to 2,495.3 billion yuan in 2007. Among them, it took eight years from 1978 to 1 trillion yuan in 0986, and five years to 199 1 year to 2 trillion yuan. Since then, from 10 to 200 1, it has increased by nearly 65438+ every year. From 2002 to 2006, it entered a period of rapid growth, with an average annual increase of 2 trillion yuan, exceeding 20 trillion yuan in 2006, and increasing by 3.76 trillion yuan in 2007.
The total economic output ranks first in the world and is growing steadily. The accelerated expansion of economic aggregate has greatly narrowed the gap between China and the major developed countries in the world. In the past 30 years, the ranking of China's GDP in the world has risen from 65438+ 10 in10 in 1978 to the fourth place at present, second only to the United States, Japan and Germany. According to the statistics of the International Monetary Fund, China's GDP in 2007 was US$ 3,2801billion, equivalent to 23.7% of that of the United States, 74.9% of that of Japan and 99.5% of that of Germany, which were respectively 17.2, 59.7 and 78.9 percentage points. At the same time, the proportion of the total economic output in the world economy has also greatly increased, from 1.8% in 0978 to 6.0% in 2007.
Per capita GDP has doubled. Per capita GDP rose from 38 1 yuan in 1978 to 1 12 yuan in 1992, and then reached 23 1 1 yuan. In 2007, it quickly climbed to 18934 yuan. After deducting the price factor, it increased by nearly 10 times compared with 1978 in 2007, with an average annual growth rate of 8.6%. The per capita gross national income also increased rapidly, from $65,438+$0,978 to $2,360 in 2007. According to the classification standard of the World Bank, China has jumped from a low-income country to a low-income country in the world. For a country with a low starting point of economic development and a huge population base, such progress is indeed a remarkable achievement.
The financial strength of the country has been continuously enhanced. The rapid development of economy and the expansion of scale have brought about the increase of national financial resources. 1978, the national fiscal revenue was only13.2 billion yuan, which doubled to 200.5 billion yuan in 1985, and doubled to 434.9 billion yuan in 1993, reaching193. It reached 2 1, 71.500 million yuan. In 2007, the national fiscal revenue exceeded 5 trillion yuan, reaching 5 1.322 billion yuan, with an average annual growth of 1.979 to/.41%in 2007. The increase of financial resources provides a powerful financial guarantee for promoting economic development, strengthening weak links in the economy and society, effectively improving people's livelihood and effectively coping with various risks and the impact of natural disasters.
Foreign exchange reserves have achieved a historic transformation from shortage to abundance. 1978 China's foreign exchange reserves were only 1 670,000 US dollars, and the per capita was only 0. 17 US dollars, which was less than1US dollars when converted into RMB. Shortage was the basic feature of foreign exchange reserves at that time, and earning foreign exchange through export was the basic driving force of foreign trade development. However, with the development of China's foreign economy, the current account trade surplus keeps accumulating, and the shortage of foreign exchange reserves quickly becomes history. 190 exceeded 100 billion USD, reaching1105 billion USD,196 exceeded 1000 billion USD, and reached/kloc in 2006. It reached $654.38+006.63 billion, ranking first in the world and surpassing Japan. In 2007, China's foreign exchange reserves expanded to US$ 654.38+052.82 billion, ranking first in the world.
Large companies (enterprises) are constantly emerging and developing rapidly. With the rapid development of economy and the continuous expansion of economic scale, large-scale enterprises have grown from few to many and from weak to strong, which has become a remarkable symbol of economic development achievements in the past 30 years of reform and opening up. According to Fortune magazine's ranking of the world's top 500 enterprises in 2007, there are 22 enterprises in Chinese mainland, among which China Petrochemical Group ranks 17, which is 6 places higher than that in 2006, achieving the best ranking of China enterprises in the world's top 500 list, and it is also the first time for China enterprises to enter the world's top 20.
Second, the economic structure has been greatly adjusted, and the development mode and growth mode have changed from extensive to intensive and economical.
Over the past 30 years, the acceleration of the reform process and the rapid economic growth have promoted the continuous optimization and upgrading of the economic structure. The 30 years of reform and opening up are 30 years of great economic restructuring and 30 years of new patterns of economic development and growth.
The second and third industries have developed rapidly, and the industrial structure has basically changed from industry and agriculture to the coordinated development of the first, second and third industries. Over the past 30 years, great progress has been made in three industrial adjustments, the basic position of agriculture has been continuously strengthened, the industry has achieved sustained and rapid development, and the service industry has developed rapidly. From 1979 to 2007, the added value of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries increased by 4.6%, 1 1.4% and 10.8% respectively. The proportion of the added value of the three industries in GDP was adjusted from 28.2:47.9:23.9 in 1978 to1.3: 48.6: 40.6438+0 in 2007. Compared with 1978, the proportion of primary industry decreased by 16.9 percentage points, the proportion of secondary industry increased by 0.7 percentage points, and the proportion of tertiary industry increased by 16.2 percentage points in 2007.
The industrial structure has basically changed from a structure with low technical content, high labor intensity and single category to a development pattern with high labor intensity and high technical intensity and complete categories. In the past 30 years, traditional industries such as metallurgy, energy, textiles, machinery, shipping, etc. Constantly adjust and upgrade the structure in the process of transformation. In 2004, the continuous casting ratio of iron and steel industry has increased to 95.9%, nearly 90 percentage points higher than that of 1980, reaching the international advanced level. The advanced smelting production technology of copper and lead has reached about 70% of the total production capacity, and the self-baking cell technology of electrolytic aluminum has been completely eliminated and changed into a large-scale pre-baking cell technology with international advanced level. The single unit capacity of 300,000 and 600,000 kilowatts has become the main generator set in China's power industry due to its low coal consumption and high power generation efficiency, and it is gradually developing to 6.5438+0.000 kilowatts. Backward cotton spinning spindles and wool spinning spindles have been compressed on a large scale, and most machines of cotton spinning equipment adopt frequency conversion speed regulation and programmable controller PLC technology, which basically realizes the electromechanical integration of textile machinery products. Large gas turbine, pumped storage unit, DC transmission equipment, supercritical thermal power unit, large marine crankshaft, etc. It has been localized, and the autonomy rate of large refineries with an annual output of10 million tons is as high as 90%. At the same time, high-tech industries such as electronic information, bioengineering, aerospace, pharmaceutical manufacturing, new energy and new materials have developed vigorously from scratch, which has become an important factor to promote the leap-forward development of China's industry. After 30 years of development, China has made a series of major breakthroughs in the fields of aerospace technology, nuclear power generation technology, high-performance computer technology, complete set manufacturing technology of heavy machinery, manufacturing technology of CNC machine tools, and third-generation communication technology. In 2007, the added value of high-tech industries in China was11100 million yuan, accounting for 4.7% of GDP, 3.0 percentage points higher than 1995.