(1) When swiping a credit card, the VISA network mostly settles in US dollars. However, when trading overseas, it is necessary to convert local currency into US dollars, and then convert US dollars into RMB for settlement, which leads cardholders to pay an additional currency conversion fee accounting for a certain proportion of the transaction amount.

(2) Generally speaking, foreign exchange is the exchange of RMB and foreign currency, and the foreign exchange handling fee is charged according to the relevant regulations of international credit card organizations, which is generally 1%-2% of the transaction amount. But there are still some differences between each bank.