(1) Cash inflow management service
Cash inflow management service means that banks provide customers with all-round rapid collection services according to the characteristics of different customers' capital flows, helping customers to quickly collect scattered, in-transit or uncollected funds and convert them into liquidity in their accounts, giving full play to their capital advantages and laying a good foundation for customers to maintain and increase their assets in the next step. In a word, it is to receive the accounts receivable of the enterprise as soon as possible. It can be seen that the inflow service is mainly reflected in the collection service.
In order to prevent the external circulation of funds and strengthen fund management, many enterprises have taken a series of measures to strengthen cash management. These include: strict budget management of its own branches; Implement a reserve system for all departments; Strict management of bank accounts opened by branches: "two lines of revenue and expenditure", all income is turned over to the company headquarters for unified allocation, and the funds needed by branches are uniformly reviewed and arranged by the company headquarters. From this point of view, the cash inflow management service of commercial banks helps customers to strengthen the management of accounts receivable, other accounts receivable and advance accounts, accelerate the withdrawal of funds, and reduce and control the proportion of bad debts.
(2) Cash Retention Management Services
The customer's cash retention link is actually a transit point between the outflow link and the outflow link. For customers, how to maximize the income of this fund under the premise of ensuring payment is its fundamental requirement. For banks, it is to use appropriate wealth management products, which not only meets the requirements of enterprises, but also brings intermediary business income. It can be seen that cash retention management services are mainly reflected in financial services. At present, commercial banks mainly provide customers with three kinds of retention management services, namely account management services, liquidity management services and foreign exchange risk management services.
1. Account management service is a reference service for commercial banks to help customers effectively monitor the inflow, outflow and retention of account funds according to their financial needs, and provide perfect information services for ICBC's cash flow deposit management service. Among them, through the account revenue and expenditure management service, help customers establish two special accounts for revenue and expenditure, so as to realize revenue and expenditure management. The funds in the income account can only be transferred to the account designated by the customer to ensure the safety of the collected funds; The funds in the expenditure account can only be transferred from the account designated by the customer, and in other cases, it is only collected and not paid, which is convenient for the customer to centrally control the payment; Through account balance management service, assist customers to control account balance and keep the minimum capital occupation. Through the payment control service, you can ensure the key payment of customers, control the payment of accounts, and ensure that customers have enough funds in their accounts when they need to make key payments. Through the group secondary account service, an account network is established for group customers, who can use the group secondary account established for them to realize real-time monitoring, synchronous reflection and classified accounting of subordinate branch accounts.
2. Liquidity financial services. It mainly includes RMB investment services, foreign currency investment services, financing services and entrusted loan services.
In RMB investment services, commercial banks provide time deposits, agreement deposits, call deposits or a combination of the above deposits to ensure payment and achieve higher returns for customers. For example, if an enterprise has a cash surplus of more than three months and cannot invest in securities due to various restrictions, it can take a combination of three-month fixed deposit and notice deposit to notify depositors of deposit accounts with funds of more than three months 1 month. In this way, enterprises have achieved the maximization of capital gains with almost no risk. The second is to provide bond investment services. According to the investment scale, term and tolerable risks of customers, we can flexibly choose product combinations such as deposit substitution, liquidity guarantee, cross-market arbitrage, callable agreement, bill discount business, business management, financial planning, etc., so as to obtain income higher than the interest on time deposits in the same period. When customers are short of funds, they can also quickly withdraw funds through bond sales, bond pledge loans and other forms to meet their liquidity needs. The third is to provide treasury bond investment services. When enterprises estimate that idle funds are long, they can buy government bonds in addition to time deposits in banks. National debt is called "Phnom Penh bond". Buying government bonds is not only less risky, but also enjoys interest-free income tax treatment. At present, the national debt issued by the state is mostly book-entry, and its liquidity is greatly enhanced. When an enterprise is in urgent need of funds, it can go to the bank to redeem it in advance. When the bank pays, after more than six months, the interest will generally be calculated in installments. Coupon rate, the national debt, was originally higher than the bank loan interest rate in the same period. Considering the tax exemption factor, buying government bonds is more cost-effective than time deposits. The fourth is to provide open-end fund investment services.
In foreign currency investment services, banks mainly provide financial services to customers rich in foreign exchange resources by means of foreign exchange time deposits, call deposits, structured deposits and foreign exchange fund transactions on behalf of customers. Among them, structured deposits link ordinary deposits with exchange rates, interest rates, commodity prices or credit, and combine financial derivatives of commercial banks to improve the rate of return on foreign exchange funds within the risk range that customers can bear.
In financing services, commercial banks provide loans to customers, including working capital loans, project capital loans, syndicated loans, discounted loans, packaged loans and entrusted loans.
3. Foreign exchange risk management services. Foreign exchange risk management services of commercial banks mainly include exchange rate risk management services and interest rate risk management services. Mainly for those customers who pursue capital gains and effectively control exchange rate or interest rate risks. In this regard, commercial banks mainly rely on electronic networks to assist customers in centralized foreign exchange or interest rate risk management, and use financial derivatives to create various investment tools to meet the needs of customers to improve the income of foreign exchange funds.
(3) Cash outflow management services
Cash outflow management service is to provide convenient and fast payment service for customers' capital payment needs, help customers simplify payment procedures and effectively control payment, thus reducing costs and improving financial management level and work efficiency. It can be seen that cash outflow management services are mainly embodied in payment services. At present, the traditional payment services provided by commercial banks mainly include checks, drafts and promissory notes, which are widely used for payment and settlement in the same city or in different places. Among them, the bank acceptance bill derived a new payment service model, that is, the "buyer pays interest" service. When the holder applies to the bank for discount with the bank acceptance bill, according to the relevant agreement, the bank pays the full amount according to the face value, and the discount interest is paid by the drawer. This payment service further strengthens the payment ability of bank acceptance bills.
(4) Information service
Information service runs through the whole process of cash management service in commercial banks, and it is also a process of creating value. By providing perfect information service, we can not only realize the synchronous transmission of customer capital flow and information flow, but also provide customers with more comprehensive information support. Information service has many contents and covers a wide range. To sum up, it is mainly reflected in providing customers with financial information reports, industry information reports, market information reports, comprehensive information reports, credit management consultants and information inquiry services.
Because the purpose of cash management is to improve the efficiency of enterprise capital use, the above functions are often provided to customers through e-banking platform, which is why cash management services are often compared to e-banking. Many foreign banks' cash management systems are also formed on the basis of the core e-banking platform through functional expansion. Take Deutsche Bank as an example, its cash management products are composed of the following parts: core e-banking platform, interface with enterprise ERP system, liquidity management system, bank account information service system, enterprise A/R and A/P management system, e-commerce system and network management system. It can be seen that the so-called cash management system is an extension of the core electronic banking system.
In the composition of cash management products, liquidity management system is the core of the whole cash management products. At present, the typical form of cash management is to quickly concentrate small funds scattered by large groups into large funds. In China, the scale of cross-regional group enterprises is increasing day by day, and even many small and medium-sized enterprises have begun an unprecedented round of cross-regional expansion. At the same time, some branches of a large group have more than enough funds, which are idle in bank accounts at low interest rates, while others may be short of funds and need to borrow from banks at high interest rates. The starting point of cash management service of commercial banks is to try to introduce enterprises into the bank's capital network all over the country, and realize the real-time transfer of hand-held funds by local branches to the headquarters account of large groups for unified management and scheduling. The headquarters of large groups can use pooled funds to adjust the surplus and deficiency among branches, which can greatly reduce the loan amount and help enterprises realize "three highs and three lows", that is, the high deposits, high loans and high expenses of enterprises will be changed into low deposits, low loans and low expenses. Using cash management, large group headquarters can also concentrate small funds scattered in various branches into large funds, and then negotiate with banks to obtain better interest income and reduce financial expenses. Cash management can also strengthen the ability of headquarters to control the funds of branches, and adopt the mode of "two lines of revenue and expenditure" to completely put the sales funds of branches under the control of headquarters to prevent the branches from occupying the sales funds for other purposes.
The main contents of bank cash management are:
Determine the cash management object
Approve the cash limit of each unit's inventory
Specify the scope of cash use
Control idle cash
Check and approve the cash deposit term of the company.
Supervise the unit to establish and improve the cash account.
Prohibit disguised currency circulation
Prepare the unit cash income and expenditure plan
Strengthen the supervision of procurement funds
Check the implementation of cash management regulations of each unit.